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Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Metaphysics SHort essay 4 Essay Example for Free
Metaphysics SHort essay 4 Essay Price begins by describing how things we see in nature share elements. He explains how a tomato, sunset in the sky and a blushing face share nothing more in common than the color. However, some objects have many things in common. These objects group themselves together into Natural Kinds. Price describes a Natural Kind as a group of objects, which have many, perhaps indefinite, features in common. He explains that while this repetition makes things seem dull and monotonous, they are important because they are what makes conceptual cognition possible. In a world of incessant novelty, where there was no recurrence at all and no tedious repetitions, no concepts could ever be acquired. It would also make difficult the act of thinking because nothing would be recognizable. Price goes on to describe different terms of quality and relation. Quality is a recurrent feature of the world, which presents itself in individual object or events taken singly. Redness and bulginess are examples of this. A relation is a recurrent feature of the world, which presents itself in complexes of objects or events, such as this besides that, or between A and B. These terms allow us to give a simple analysis of change. Price explains how change has puzzled philosophers since the time of Heraclitus. Understanding objects in terms of quality and relation help us understand the concept of change. Another term that allows us to do so is the term ‘characteristics’. Characteristics are of at least two different types of qualities and relations. For Price, allow of this leads us to Aristotle’s theory of univeralia in rebus, or philosophy of universals. The philosophy of universals agrees that all objects characterized by x resemble one another. However once must be cautious and note the difference between exact resemblance in a certain aspect, and total or complete resemblance. While some have debated whether complete resemblance can be achieved, the important thing to note is the different intensities of resemblance that exist. Price goes on to list differences between the philosophy of resemblance and the philosophy of universals and deals with classical arguments against them both. Price concludes by saying that one must have a good knowledge of both. Since both can be misleading at times, when in danger of being misled by one of the theories, then can turn to the other for truth. D. C. Williams, on the other hand, comes out against the philosophy of universals in â€Å"The Element of Being. †He attempts to explain this in his example of the three lollipops. He tires to prove that when one says a is similar to b, one is only saying that a part of a is wholly similar to a part of b. He states that entities or abstract components are the primary constituents of this or any possible world. Many know these to be ‘abstract particulars’. Williams decides to name these parts tropes. He defines a trope as a particular entity either abstract or consisting of one or more concrete entities in combination with an abstraction. Tropes are connected to each other by way of location and by way of similarity. He goes on to explain and concludes by saying any possible world, and this one, is completely constituted by tropes and their connections of location and similarity. He explains how they would pertain to the notion of abstract and universal by using the example of Socrates (concrete particular), his wisdom (abstract particular/trope), Socratesity (concrete universal) and all of the wisdom (abstract universal). He goes on to explain how tropes would apply to different areas of philosophy, such as the philosophy of knowledge. He concludes by saying that all the things we see are no universal but consist of parts, tropes, which these things are a part of. Williams differs from Price by stating that objects consist of tropes and they are what create these appearances or similiarties. Price on the other hand states that objects share a certain resemblance in quality, relation and characteristics. Resemblance Theory and Trope Theory Carlos Manuel Jordan PHI 3500 Metaphysics December, 4 2014.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
A Quantitative and Qualitative Look at Southwest Airlines and British Airways :: Airlines Marketplace Aviation Benchmarking
A Quantitative and Qualitative Look at Southwest Airlines and British Airways In today's competitive marketplace, all firms are seeking ways to improve their overall performance. One such method of improvement, recently adopted by many firms, is benchmarking. Benchmarking is a technique used to evaluate internal business processes. "In this analysis, managers determine the firm's critical processes and outputs, baseline those processes, then compare the performance of each process against a standard outside the industry" (Bounds, Yorks, Adams, & Ranney 1994). To effectively improve a business process to world-class quality, managers must find a firm that is recognized as a global leader, not just the industry standard. Successful benchmarking requires tailor-made solutions, not just blind copying of another organization. Measurement and interpretation of data collected is the key to creating business process solutions. "Benchmarking's real role has to be seen in the context of the organization that is continuously implementing improvement" (Bendell, Boulter, & Goodstadt 1998). Organizations implementing the benchmarking process are continuously looking to improve, and planning improvement. Improvements can be made by looking at the firm both internally and externally. Internal improvements are implemented by analyzing processes and setting targets for performance. However, output performance measures are not able to help management understand why a practice is effective. This understanding is a result of personal interpretation of the process. Organizations must look to other firms for ideas to borrow from global leaders, regardless of the scope of the necessary improvement. Equally important as data collection is the actual implementation of the newly acquired business practice. The most important aspect of benchmarking is to enable companies to employ the best business practices. This fundamental theory cannot be overstated. Global competition is growing due to the technological boom. The expansion of the Internet and digital communication has forced once domestic firms to consider foreign competitors. To remain ahead, companies are realizing they must match or exceed the business practices of the best in the world. "The only way that we can drive our organizations to excellence is to ensure that we keep our eyes on our competitors and world best practice in all aspects of business" (Bendell, Boulter, & Goodstadt 1998). Benchmarking should not be considered simply a tool of management, but rather an integral part of the business strategy of a firm. When implementing benchmarking, management must consider the overall issues of performance and process re-engineering. A Quantitative and Qualitative Look at Southwest Airlines and British Airways :: Airlines Marketplace Aviation Benchmarking A Quantitative and Qualitative Look at Southwest Airlines and British Airways In today's competitive marketplace, all firms are seeking ways to improve their overall performance. One such method of improvement, recently adopted by many firms, is benchmarking. Benchmarking is a technique used to evaluate internal business processes. "In this analysis, managers determine the firm's critical processes and outputs, baseline those processes, then compare the performance of each process against a standard outside the industry" (Bounds, Yorks, Adams, & Ranney 1994). To effectively improve a business process to world-class quality, managers must find a firm that is recognized as a global leader, not just the industry standard. Successful benchmarking requires tailor-made solutions, not just blind copying of another organization. Measurement and interpretation of data collected is the key to creating business process solutions. "Benchmarking's real role has to be seen in the context of the organization that is continuously implementing improvement" (Bendell, Boulter, & Goodstadt 1998). Organizations implementing the benchmarking process are continuously looking to improve, and planning improvement. Improvements can be made by looking at the firm both internally and externally. Internal improvements are implemented by analyzing processes and setting targets for performance. However, output performance measures are not able to help management understand why a practice is effective. This understanding is a result of personal interpretation of the process. Organizations must look to other firms for ideas to borrow from global leaders, regardless of the scope of the necessary improvement. Equally important as data collection is the actual implementation of the newly acquired business practice. The most important aspect of benchmarking is to enable companies to employ the best business practices. This fundamental theory cannot be overstated. Global competition is growing due to the technological boom. The expansion of the Internet and digital communication has forced once domestic firms to consider foreign competitors. To remain ahead, companies are realizing they must match or exceed the business practices of the best in the world. "The only way that we can drive our organizations to excellence is to ensure that we keep our eyes on our competitors and world best practice in all aspects of business" (Bendell, Boulter, & Goodstadt 1998). Benchmarking should not be considered simply a tool of management, but rather an integral part of the business strategy of a firm. When implementing benchmarking, management must consider the overall issues of performance and process re-engineering.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Punishment And Crime Essay
â€Å"An eye for an eye†¦Ã¢â‚¬ The standards by which individuals and society subscribe to where being done wrong and seeking retribution, or in the general scope, where crime and punishment is concerned, can be summed up and approximated in the aforementioned line. Our view of justice, the resolution of a violation, and the prevention thereof doesn’t stray far from the said concept either. While other countries, particularly those in the middle eastern region, tolerate and employ the said ideology in the literal sense, mutilating the arms and limbs of people caught guilty of thievery, for instance. In the much more ‘civilized’ and ‘developed’ nation that is our country however, the instance of ‘Retribution,’ ‘Deterrence,’ ‘Rehabilitation,’ and ‘Societal Protection’ exists as corresponding forms of punishment to violations against humanity and against society’s prescribed laws. Its eff ectivity in terms of deterring crime, however, remains subjective.            The concept of retribution or retributive justice exists under the premise that people are, or should be dealt with a punishment which fits in proportion to their respective crimes. The concept of ‘merit’ and ‘desert’ are introduced as factors central to retributive justice (Maiese). The simplest explanation would be that if a person where to do ‘good’ and work hard, his or her actions will be met with an equal amount of goodness, or reward. Conversely, a person who commits to doing the opposite, who breaks laws and violates aspects of humanity, are to receive a form of punishment equal to what they have inflicted. Where the instance of ‘merit’ and ‘desert’ is concerned, justice is defined by dealing a person the corresponding reward or punishment which he or she deserves based on the instance of ‘good’ and ‘bad,’ ‘right’ and ‘wron g’ courses of action which a person chooses to pursue.            Punishment in retributive justice constitutes the previously quoted line in the introduction of this paper, albeit not as literally; which, in the context of almost every justice system, and to put it quite crudely, people are to be treated in the same manner by which they choose to treat other individuals. This much is evident in the amount of community service, jailtime, and other forms of punishment which an offender is obliged to fulfill depending on the gravity of the crimes or offenses he or she has committed. Crimes and offenses which may range from driving without a license to armed robbery, rape, and perhaps even murder, will determine whether the offender in question will receive a simple reprimand, a ticket or a fine, a day in a jail cell, or be committed to minimum or maximum security, and to the most grave of offenses, receive capital punishment or death penalty.            The theory of deterrence on the other hand, departs from the seeming reasonable sensibilities afforded by the concept of retribution and runs under the idea that if a corresponding consequence or punishment of a crime outweighs the possible benefit or significance of committing it, the person who intends to commit the said crime may be deterred from pursuing it.            Deterrence turns to the instance of heavier consequences to criminal acts and offenses as opposed to punishments proportionate to actions which have been committed, as a more effective way of preventing individuals from committing crimes. The theory of deterrence runs under the premise and assumption that every individual is conscious of his or her actions, that people are consciously aware of what constitutes ‘good’ and ‘evil’ and that people’s action, be it of deviance or conformity, subscribing to rules or breaking it, results from free will. Under the said assumptions, people who are inclined to break the law or commit to similar acts of violations are aware of the consequence and gravity of the situation. Knowing that the corresponding consequences will have a greater negative impact than the deviance and offenses they may choose to commit will advise them to do otherwise. In the instance that people are blamed or convicted for crimes and offenses they did not commit, punishments would appear greater than they already are. For most people, this appears to be the most effective way of deterring crime, but it also appears to be the least humane and insensible where offenders are concerned.            On the subject of relatively ‘humane’ methods of punishment, the concept of rehabilitation seems to effectively apply. A term which probably closesly identifies with drug abuse, excessive smoking, eating disorders, and other behavioral problems, the concept of rehabilitation applies to more than the said destructive behaviors and relates to a type of punishment which confines an individual to a place where he or she is unable to repeat offenses and untolerated acts which he or she has previously committed.            Rehabilitation turns to a less immediate and much lengthier process of ‘punishing’ the criminal or offender in question. ‘Doing time’ in prison cells and rehabilitation centers may appear the most tame and seemingly weak or ineffective forms of punishment, but the reality of incarceration, of being put away and shut out from the rest of society, and rotting away in a period of time which appear to span indefinitely, bears it own share of torment.            The said form of punishment has the capacity to affect the offender in question on a psychological level, as he or she is forced to contemplate the nature of his or her actions and its consequences in the course of the said person’s confinement and rehabilitation, at the end of which the individual in question is released and deemed fit to continue his or her life and start anew. Crimes are supposed to be deterred by keeping people away from society at large, who may choose to repeat the said crimes or influence others from doing the same.            Societal Protection concerns itself with the rights and needs of the society as a whole, as opposed to individuals which comprise it, and turning to forms of punishment such as the previously mentioned rehabilitation, among others, as a means of protecting and preserving roles, function, structures, and procesess within society.            Ultimately, society and individuals within it do what they can to ensure security, peace and stability from ensuing and taking hold. Not every form of punishment that has been discussed can be deemed rational and effective in every aspect, and they can vary in meaning and translation from one individual to the next. But as far as opinions apply, it exists as the least of surprises how certain forms of evil can’t be countered and put off by other forms of evil. Retribution will not solve people and society’s problems, and forms of punishment, however necessary, unfortunately only reflect society’s capacity to inflict pain and suffering to people who may or may not truly deserve them. References     Keel, Robert. â€Å"Rational Choice and Deterrence Theory.†14 July 2005. Retrieved 18 January 2008 from http://www.umsl.edu/~keelr/200/ratchoc.html     Maiese, Michelle. â€Å"Types of Justice.†July 2003. Retrieved 18 January 2008 from            http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/types_of_justice/     Maiese, Michelle. â€Å"Retributive Justice.†May 2004. Retrieved 18 January 2008 from            http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/retributive_justice/     Summerfield, Morgan. â€Å"Evolution of Deterrence Crime Theory.†18 May 2006. Retrieved   18 January 2008 from  http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/32600/
Saturday, January 4, 2020
Friday, December 27, 2019
College Is Not For Success - 1258 Words
College has always been the ideal pathway to success, but with the recent low job turnout rate of college graduates, there has been success in technical studies that shoot students straight into well paying careers. There are numerous jobs that do not need higher education and still make a considerable amount of money. Success is the favorable or prosperous outcome of determination and aspirations. College has proven unnecessary to success, the job market is uncertain and with the competitiveness of majors and the decline of jobs, going to college does not ensure students will get a job in their chosen field of study. The cost of college is steadily increasing and the return on the degree is decreasing in most fields of study, especially in art majors communications. College provides opportunity for undergraduates to explore career options and to figure out which direction they want to take their career. While some careers require you to have terminal degrees, college is often unnece ssary to success because college degrees cannot guarantee jobs, vocational schools teach easily marketable skills, and many individuals can create their own opportunities for success without advanced degrees. Many college graduates struggle to find work or take jobs that do not relate to their major at all. There are many six-figure jobs that do not require a college degree. The average annual salary of pilots is $110,000, and with experience and ratings you can make more than twice that.Show MoreRelatedThe Success Of College Success867 Words  | 4 PagesEvery individual has a different way to define success. The dictionary itself, which we are all originally taught from, defines success as being an accomplishment of an aim or purpose. Therefore, college success varies tremendously throughout the universities, cities, and most importantly the students themselves. Leadership, whether we look at it from the same stand point or not, is something that everyone has. If it is spoken o ut more, we tend to call those individuals more of leaders then thoseRead More College Success Essay1135 Words  | 5 PagesSkills That Are Important For College Success University Of Phoenix Gen 300 Skills For Professional Development nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It seems in the society we live in today, having a college degree is a necessity. Years ago it was the norm for people to just go right into a full time job after high school, if they even finished high school; they did this to support their families. In today’s society a person has a difficult time getting a decent job without a college degree. During an adultsRead MoreCollege Is A Place For Success1222 Words  | 5 PagesWhen college students taking their first steps onto a college campus, they can finally feel the independence that they were looking for. College can be a place for success as well as a place for partying. However, attending college will comes with many struggles. It is right that college is one of the most important parts in people’s life, but it is not easy for everyone. Most of students feel stressed in college because they have to face different varieties of of struggles. For example, some studentsRead MoreSuccess in Col lege and after College Essay1102 Words  | 5 Pagessuccessful in life? Success is what everybody in this world strives to achieve, but not everybody can taste it because they do not know how. To be successful you must take some decisions, you must know what you want to accomplish and create a strategic plan as a guideline to get the ultimate results you want for your life. College is one of the tools you can use to be successful because it gives you the necessary skills to succeed and prepares you for a career. Been successful in College will show youRead MoreThe College Success Course646 Words  | 3 Pagesgo to college but the lack of higher education affects the entire community as a whole. Without a bachelor’s degree, students are less likely to be employed, more likely to live in poverty, and are less active citizens of their community. Students with a low level of education are also more likely of welfare dependency and crime. In order to raise the 12% college ed ucated citizens in Bogalusa, high school juniors and seniors of Bogalusa High School should be required to complete a college successRead MoreCollege is the Gateway to Success881 Words  | 4 Pagestheme or symbol across several articles or sources. I analyzed the following three articles in search of a common strand, â€Å"College is a Waste of Time†by Dale Stephens, â€Å"Importance of a college education†by Jeff McGuire, and lastly â€Å"Why Liberal Arts Matters†by Micheal S. Roth. After carefully analyzing all three of the articles, I chose â€Å"higher education is the gateway to success as my strand. This is a reoccurring point across all three articles; while not all the opinions are alike, they still correlateRead MoreIs College Necessary For Success?2033 Words  | 9 PagesCollege: Is College Necessary For Success? Alex Tabarrok once said, â€Å"Education is the key to the future: You’ve heard it a million times, and it’s not wrong. Educated people have higher wages and lower unemployment rates, and better-educated countries grow faster and innovate more than other countries. But going to college is not enough. You also have to study the right subjects†(Reich par. 5). This quote is a very popular quote because it is a true to connection to education. The general assumptionRead MoreSuccess or Failure in College572 Words  | 2 Pagesthat 20% of students dropout college because they couldn’t handle the academic work? Most people believe that college is the main key for getting a good job. Thousands of students are enrolling in college in the United States every year. However, some of them quit college after the freshman year. Learning about success in college is very important. All students should learn about success in college, which will give them a full ide a of how they can be successful in college. There are many things thatRead More Success in College Essay2210 Words  | 9 Pages Section One Managing Your TIME nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The frist thing that a new college student must learn how to do is to stay organized and learn to decipher their priorities. By doing so you will make sure you never; miss an appointment, forget to do a homework assignment, and loose sight of time when doing a project or paper. (Waiting to the last minute never allows for your best work to be done) A planner is the best way to keep everything in order and well organized. Withier itRead MoreCollege Success Essays1891 Words  | 8 Pages College Success What does it mean to be successful? Many people look at the word success from different views. The dictionary defines success in two ways: the accomplishment of one’s goals and then the attainment of wealth or position. I believe you can be successful in two ways as well: you can be successful in your career and you can be successful by doing what makes you happy and living a fulfilling life to your standards. You don’t have to have a huge mansion on top of a private hill
Thursday, December 19, 2019
What Does Success Mean For Success - 941 Words
What Does Success Mean To You? Albert Schweitzer once stated, â€Å"Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful†. If you ask different people what success is to them, you would most likely get a variety of definitions. Some might say that success has commenced when one has finally gotten that $200,000 dream car in one’s garage. Others might say that their belief of success has established when one has found true happiness in life. Someone could be extremely wealthy, but at the same time, extremely destroyed and confused inside. Would you still consider this success? Success can be interpreted in several different ways. However, true success should not only be based upon wealth and materialistic goods, but rather on bliss and contentment. One’s dream of success might consist of a million dollar house, fancy sports cars, and lots of fame. However, that dream might also abide with low spirits, physical/mental pain, loneliness, and misery. Perhaps you may know or have heard of someone that is filthy rich, but is that someone perfectly at ease with life? Or is that someone who has to fake a smile to get through the day? Does that person love what they do for a living or does that person dread waking up every morning to get ready for work? Most likely all of you are familiar with the name Marilyn Monroe. The famous actress and model starred in films such as The Misfits and The Seven Year Itch. She may beShow MoreRelatedWhat is Success?822 Words  | 3 Pages Success is defined as the accomplishments of one’s goals. Winning is defined as gaining the victory of something. 1 out of 14,000 people become professional athletes. 58% of students become successful after leaving college and pursuing a job. Often ti mes, winning as a professional athlete isn’t as fulfilling as being successful in everyday life. While only few may win in any competitive environment, success is available to everyone. It is not determined by how well one does against another, butRead MoreFame Success1247 Words  | 5 Pages Fame does not mean Success Being successful doesn’t always mean that fame is involved. Success is a spiritual practice of doing what you love regardless of outcome. Fame is an arbitrary reward not necessarily given to the most deserving. We look at success from different perspective and judge how it builds the characteristics to hit the level of success. To most people, success means achieving a goal. In order to achieve a goal, a person usually has to workRead MoreOvercoming Marginalization1408 Words  | 6 PagesKey of Overcoming Marginalization THIS IS IMPORTANT: LOOK CAREFULLY AT WHAT YOU HAVE. ASK YOURSELF IF THERE IS ANY REPETITION? DO YOU FEEL THAT YOU ARE LOOKING AT THE SAME IDEA MORE THAN ONCE? HERE IS A SUGGESTION: YOU WRITE ABOUT SOCIAL POWER. IN BAMBARA, WHAT MIGHT SYLVIA DO WITH SOCIAL POWER? WHAT COULD SHE CHANGE IF SHE HAD ITâ€â€AND WHY? COULD SYLVIA MAYBE BECOME AS POWERFUL AS HAROLD BROWNINGâ€â€OR MORE POWERFUL? Success in America usually depends on family background, family income and otherRead MoreSuccess And Success Of Success1404 Words  | 6 PagesImagine walking down the street and seeing a pure-white 2017 Mercedes Benz E Class parked in front in of a large house. One thing that may enter your mind is that whoever owns this must have money. You begin to wonder what he or she does for a living. Looking at the house, then at the car you conclude that this person must be famous; therefore, successful. As you stand there gawking at the house and car someone exits the front door and you recognize it’s your friend. Both of you engage in conversationRead MoreThe Truth On The Keys Of Success1190 Words  | 5 PagesTruth to the Keys of Success How exactly do you define success? Does it mean to have a large house, expensive car and absolutely no financial problems? Does it mean that you have the best up-to-date technology and have the best style of clothing? As success may be defined differently for everybody, everyone’s goal in life is to succeed one way or another, but rather, many people struggle with attaining it. Today, society and media has given us the misperception as to what success is truly defined asRead MoreHow I Personally View Success981 Words  | 4 Pagesbe successful. Now the idea with the word success is that it can be interpreted in many different ways, depending on who you ask. I personally view success as being financially stable as well as spiritually. When thinking of a person who I viewed as successful, I thought of my friend Airam. I have known Airam for about five years now, if not more. Airam has been a nurse for a little bit more than two years now. I recently asked her how did she v iew success. Airam described being successful as beingRead MoreShort Note On Success And Success1100 Words  | 5 PagesSuccess is considered to be a term that describes two things. The first one is achievement of a certain major or minor goal. This could be succeeding in making a delicious dinner, or a more global thing succeeding in a career or job. The second definition of success is more broad and subjective. Most people define succession in life as wealth, a brilliant career, achievement of family/relationship goals etc. Some may find that success comes along with fame and big amounts of money. However, we seeRead MoreThe Key to Success in Life Essay1126 Words  | 5 Pages Famous spiritual leader and philosopher Swami Vivekananda, once said the way to success is to Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life - think of it, dream of it, live on that idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part of your body, be full of that idea, and just leave every other idea alone. To me this quote embodies what is it takes to be successful. Much like a marathon the goal isnt to come in first place and win but to simply finish and to do that you have to want to keep goingRead MoreHow Success Breaks Down Into Life1678 Words  | 7 PagesHawthorne 2/174/2016 Concept Essay (Final Paper) How Success Breaks Down Into Life I prefer sitting at a coffee shop to do works or read a favorite book, and sometimes taking idly thoughts and wondering myself, â€Å" How does a rich person define success? Or, that, having lots of money, living in a big house, and owning all of the latest cars, fashions, and technology is the key to happiness, and hence, success ?†I believe that the definition of success is deeply personal and surely will be different forRead MoreWhat Does It Mean For College?917 Words  | 4 Pagespeople measure success in life by the amount of money a person makes. Similarly, does being successful in college mean you have to have the highest grade point average? I do not think your GPA measures your success in college and I do not think the amount of money you make measures your success in life. So what does it mean to be successful in college? I asked my mom this question and I agreed with what she said, â€Å"You get out of it what you put into it, but, people measure success differ ently. So
Wednesday, December 11, 2019
Influence the Operations of Multinational Firms-Free-Samples
Question: Discuss about the Influence the Operations of Multinational firms and discover how these issues are tackled. Answer: The marketing research demonstrates that the proposed marketing campaign for the promotion of Adidas in the UK needs to change. The marketing campaigns support the organization to promote their sale in cross-culture nation by considering many methods like sales promotion, public relation, and public selling. Through market analysis, it is found that organization should need to make their unique image by using appropriate technique. Hence, Adidas should use sales promotion rather than another method to promote their marketing campaign and enhance their sale in the UK. The sale promotion facilitates the organization to promote their product by including media and non-media marketing communication method. It is the best way to enhance the consumer demand in the least time. Sales promotion Adidas should use sales promotion method because it enables the organization to make an effective relationship with consumers by engagement and retention. Sales promotion could be supportive for promoting unique characteristics of product and services among the target consumers. On behalf of marketing research, it is found that 75% of people are influenced by effective promotion hence the organization should use sales promotion method and directly communicate with them towards their products and services. The following factors demonstrate advantages of sales promotion method in advertising of marketing campaign: Unique image Communication opportunity Word of mouth Identify the reason for purchasing Focused marketing approach Creates higher information sources Unique Image A company should need to differentiate their brand to survive in the marketplace, a sales promotion could be an exemplary method to create a brand stands out in the crowd. It also facilitates Adidas to make unique value to the consumer by unique experience and build a reason for buying the company product. Communication opportunity Communication is a way by which a company is capable to make formidable relationships with customers, which makes a unique brand image in the marketplace. Through sales promotion, an organization would be capable to converse on packaging and concentrate on the campaign. It will also help to obtain a positive outcome in the context of the brand. Word of mouth Word of mouth is also an essential method that would allow Adidas to obtain a positive result in the least investment. This method is a positive form of communication because it is coming from colleagues and friends as they believe in the brand. Hence, the organization should always give a positive experience to consumers because they will share their positive feeling to their friends and colleague. This method will support to make a positive impact on the profitability of the company. Identify the reason for purchasing The sales promotion method enables an organization to make an effective decision making to purchase a particular product. It is very complicated for the organization to sell their products and services in the marketplace if the market player offers similar product and service. Therefore, the organization should make an additional feature of the products and services as it could be effective to influence consumers. Creates higher information sources Sales promotion could also support Adidas to use email method and contact with consumers to understand the needs of consumers and fulfill their desire needs by offering a quality product to targeted consumers. The sales promotion also facilitates the company manage the risk of promotion and obtain higher revenue. By refocusing on a marketing campaign by sales promotion method Adidas will be capable to enhance the sale of products and services in the targeted market. The organization should focus on the young adults as it would support the company to increase the market share through an effective marketing campaign Justification Specific recommendations presented in the memorandum with reference to relevant cross-cultural literature and concepts Concept of cross culture The cross culture is determined as organization initiatives to enhance understanding of many groups by developing effective communication method to reach out to their market. The cross-culture method enables the organization to directly interact with different background consumers to launch their product and services in the specified marketplace (Armstrong, et al., 2015). The cross-culture could direct impact on the sale of the company (Baker, 2014). Hofstede model is used to determine the culture of UK and success of marketing campaign. Hofstede model considers certain factors like power distance, individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and Indulgence. The following result is obtained by Hofstede model: (Source: Hofstead Insights, 2018) Power Distance The power distance determined as the degree of power between higher powerful and less powerful members of organization within the specified country (Zeritiet al., 2014). The obtained value is 35 that demonstrate less inequality in power hence Adidas would easily influence the consumers of UK by offering equal opportunity for them. In addition, it is found that Adidas could offer the equal opportunity to their consumers due to getting higher success. Adidas can make a unique image in the specified marketplace for effectively promote their campaign and obtain a positive outcome (Ashley and Tuten, 2015). Individualism The obtained value of individualism is 89, which demonstrates that customers are loyal towards the brands in the UK. It also indicates that consumer gives more preference to their freedom, privacy, and need (Kotler, 2015). Hence, it can be said that Adidas can use effective communication method to promote their market campaign in the UK. Masculine The obtained value of masculine is obtained 66 that is more than average value thus it demonstrates the company will be driven by success, competitions, and achievement (Kang, et al., 2014). It also shows that people of UK are believed in quality and performance of the company. The higher masculine demonstrates that customers of UK give the value to the feelings of pride rather than status hence Adidas should give more value to consumer needs for implementation of a marketing campaign in the UK. Moreover, Adidas can offer the positive experience to their consumers as it would facilitate the organization to effectively promote their market campaign and obtain a higher benefit. Uncertainty avoidance The obtained value of uncertainty avoidance demonstrates is 35, which are lower than average. It indicates that customers of UK believe in the innovative products and services (Mendez, et al., 2015). Therefore, Adidas can give the reason to consumers for purchasing their products and services by offering innovative products. Thus, it is also analyzed that lower uncertainty avoidance indicates that Adidas could be capable to launch their marketing campaign in the UK. Long-term orientation The obtained value of long-term orientation is 51 that indicates more than the average value that demonstrates the curious that is strongly associated with the religiosity and nationalism. The obtained value indicated that the normative nature of UK people, which means consumer concentrate on the cause of selecting particular product and services (Mesman, et al., 2016). Hence, Adidas can make a unique image in the marketplace by differentiating their products and services from the competitors, it will make a different image in the consumers mind. Adidas can give the value to their consumers for making a positive relationship with them. Moreover, it is also analyzed that lower long-term orientation indicates that company would be capable to implement their marketing campaign in the UK. Indulgence Indulgence demonstrates how much people enjoy their life and having fun. The obtained value of indulgence is 69 that is high, which means people believe in living their life with fun. Adidas can use higher information sources and directly communicate with the consumers (Montano and Kasprzyk, 2015). Hence, it can be said that marketing campaign could be successful in the UK because people believe in enjoying their life. Justification of specific recommendations presented in the memorandum Adidas can use a marketing campaign to promote their product and services by considering sales promotion method. Following are many causes of using sales promotion techniques for promoting marketing campaign in the UK: Increase Brand Awareness Adidas can promote their product and services by involving many online methods like radio, magazine advertising, and television that could support to gain the awareness of the brand (Thanh, 2014). It is also found that customers tend to learn more towards particular organization if they frequently hear about them. Through sales promotion, Adidas would be capable to improve increase the awareness of product and services in the least time and cost. The brand awareness level is measured by specified competitors. Provide Information Adidas could use the sales promotion technique to offer the adequate information about their products and services by their campaign. Adidas could imply both online and offline method to promote their products and services in the marketplace by considering the marketing campaign. Promotion is the best way to identify each stage of buying process as it would support to enhance the possibilities of successful implementation of the campaign. Adidas could use promotional method for enhancing awareness about price, cost and product features to the consumers (Wang, et al., 2014). Increase Customer Traffic Adidas can use the promotional technique for increasing consumer traffic. The organization could imply morganatic card for tracking each purchase of consumers. The frequencies of card advertising are designed for attracting the consumers and retain them for the long term. New consumers could be influenced by promotion if they are aware of product and services of the company (Almond and Verba, 2015). Build Sales and Profits The main goal of using promotional methods is to gain the sales and profits of the company in the least time and cost. There are certain methods that could be considered by the organization to promote their goods and services like public relation, advertising, and sales promotion. Adidas can use sales promotion method to effectively promote their campaign and obtain a positive outcome (Goldstein, 2015). The promotion method also enables the company to target people to try a product of the company. If company invest a high amount of capital in the promotion then company expect to obtain higher profit. Thus, it can be said that effective strategy could enhance the success of marketing campaign in the marketplace. Encourage Repeat Purchases The sales promotion method support organization for enhancing repeat purchase. Adidas could make an emotional link with people to positively encourage them for enhancing their consumers. For example, airlines and hotels sectors use reward structure to encourage their consumers and make a long-term relationship with Hence, it can be said that Adidas can also imply reward structure and encourage their specified consumers to repeat the purchasing and obtain a reliable result. Adidas can also use the discount card and reward card to facilitate consumers as it would facilitate them to easily increase the possibility of purchasing in the UK (Greenfield and Cocking, 2014). Hence, it can be said that sales promotion could support to promote their campaign in the marketplace. Attracting New Consumers with Price Adidas can offer th4e reliable price to their specified consumers as it would lure consumers away from competitors that could support to make loyal consumer. Adidas can also offer many discounts on their products and services to obtain a reliable result. It could also support to enhance the possibility of success. Beside this, it can also be said that Adidas can also create an attractive name for their campaign due to influencing consumers and promoting their products and services (Greenfield and Cocking, 2014). References Almond, G. A., and Verba, S. (2015) The civic culture: Political attitudes and democracy in five nations. USA: Princeton University Press. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., and Brennan, R. (2015)Marketing: an introduction. USA: Pearson Education. Ashley, C., and Tuten, T. (2015) Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement.Psychology and Marketing,32(1), pp.15-27. Baker, M. J. (2014)Marketing strategy and management. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Goldstein, S. (2015)Cross-cultural explorations: Activities in culture and psychology. UK: Routledge. Greenfield, P. M., and Cocking, R. R. (Eds.). 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