Cybercrime technology Essay Example for Free

Cybercrime technology EssayPeople rationally choose to participate in criminal actsin order to prevent these acts from occurring sight need to know that consequences leave behind outweigh the benefits. If people believe that the consequences outweigh the benefits t hen they will freely choose not to participate in the criminal carriage.On the other hand the positive school of criminology believes that individuals participate in crime because of forces beyond individual attend and relies on the scientific method to prove its theories (Cullen Agnew, 2006).Individuals should notbe held just responsible for their actions because not every 1 is rational. Outside factors can play an alpha part in determining ones participation in crime. Now that we yield exami ned the two most dominant schools of criminological hypothesis we can examine how two theories, egotism control condition and routine activity, puzzle been applied to the study of cybercrime and cybercrime victimization. self-importanceControl surmiseOne general crime theory that has been applied to the study of cybercrime isself control theory. Selfcontrol theory was first proposed by Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson in their 1990 publicationA General possible action of Crime. Selfcontrol theory believes that criminal motivation is rampant, that that people act on this motivation only when they give birth low selfcontrol (Cullen Agnew, 2006). This paper will discuss the raw material elements of selfcontrol theory, as well as research that has provided eviden ce to support the validity of this theory. past this section will review empirical studies that have applied selfcontroltheoryto the study of cybercrime and cyber victimizationand will discuss the benefitsof applying this theory to the study of cybercrime.Cybercrime28In their book,A General Theory of Crime, Travis Hirschi and MichaelGottfredson describe the major characteristics that define individuals with and without selfcontrol ( 1990). Individuals with low selfcontrolareimpulsive, insensitive,physical (as opposed to mental), risktaking, short sighted, and nonverbal, and they will tend therefore to exact in criminal and analogous acts. (Hirschi Gottfredson, 1990)People with characteristics of low selfcontrol may be more than likely to participate indeviant acts because they want immediate gratification. As compared to individuals who wishing selfcontrol, individuals with selfcontrol are qualified to delay immediate gratification and are more likely to be vigilant, emotional, verbal, and long term orientated (Hirschi Gottfredson, 1990). Individuals who possess characteristics of self control may be better equal to(p) to appreciate the consequences of participating in deviant acts and have the controlnecessary to delay their gratification. In conclusion, those who lack selfcontrol are more likely to possess characteristics such as impulsivity and shortsightedness, that makecrime and its immediate gratif ication more cunning to them, as compared to those who possess characteristics of full(prenominal) selfcontrol such as being cautious and longterm orientated. This brings up an important question, does an individuals level of self control develop over time or is soulfulness born with one level of selfcontrol that remains the samethroughout his or her animation. According to Hirschi and Gottfredson individuals arenotborn with one certain level of selfcontrol, rather they contain selfcontrol most often through their parents (Hirschi Gottfredson, 1990). An individual does nothave only onelevel of selfcontrol, as they grow older they may develop a contrasting level of self control then when they were younger. However, they do suggest that, individual Cybercrime29differences may have an impact on the prospects for effective socialization ( Hirschi Gottfredson, 1990). For example, individuals with mental health problems may have a heightser probability of not being effectively soc ialized. The authors believed that self control is learned through life, but especially while you are a child. The authors also addressed why some individuals possess characteristics of self control. They suggest that individuals develop characteristics of self control as a result of their upbringing (Hirschi Gottfredson, 1990). plot parents do not intentionallyteach their childrento not haveselfcontrol, the authorssuggest that in order to teach the child selfcontrol, someone must (1) monitor the childs behavior (2) recognize deviant behavior when it occurs and (3) punish such behaviorall that is required to activat e the system is affection for or investment in the child. (Hirschi Gottfredson, 1990)They suggest that a deficiency in any one of these categories will inadvertently allow the child to develop characteristics of low selfcontrol (Hirschi Gottfredson, 1990). Characteristics of low selfcontrol can be the result of ineffective parenting. Low self control makes crime more attractive to individuals who possess learned characteristics such as impulsivity and lack of responsibility. Good parenting is important in developing individuals who possess high levels of selfcontrol, however good parenting can only occur if parents care about their children and are able to monitor, recognize, and effectively punish their children for deviant behavior.Selfcontrol theoryhas been the subject of many empirical studies, which have attempted to test the validity of the theory in explaining crime (Pratt Cullen 2000Pratt, Turner Piquero 2004 Perrone, Sullivan, Pratt, Margaryan 2004 Turner, Piquero, Pratt 2005 Reisig Pratt 2011 Deng Zheng 1998). In 2000, Pratt and