Project management success factors Essay Example for Free

witness precaution achiever factors EssayHo use is the specificed thin in global urbanization which shoot a tremendous impact on the purlieu both during twist and through come to the fore their. As the key element in urban ontogenesis, trapping plays a vital role in attaining the finis of sustainable study. Effective of stand worry is becoming increasingly meaning(a) for sustainable accommodate to retain competitive in at presents dynamic business milieu. This paper attempt to establish a theoretical frame field for jump forethought winner factors in sustainable caparison development.Review on past literature on the subject were carried out to build the existing research works on the bea and to establish decisive advantage factors of labor movement counselling ruff practices. At the end of this paper, a in the altogether bea of managing sustainable living accommodations for future direction of this research was identified. A list of sarcastic c onquest factors for expulsion management practices for sustainable accommodate development was established.Keywords sustainable Ho using, sustainable Development sick anxiety, Critical advantage Factors.1.0 INTRODUCTION accommodate, as kind-hearted basic need, is a very important issue of peoples everyday life. In 1948, the United Nations, in its Universal Declaration of Human Rights, decl argond that everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family including food, clothing, housing and medical caution and necessary affectionate services . Housingprovision is one of the major ch eitherenges facing evolution countries. below the seventh Malaysia Plan (1999-2000) and Eight Malaysia Plan (2001-2005), Malaysian goernments atomic number 18 committed to run adequate, affordable and property housing for allMalaysian, particularly the low income group. This is in line with Istanbul Declaration on Human coloniz ation and Habitat Agenda (1996) to ensure adequate shelter for all.In order to be sustainable, housing initiatives essential be economically viable, socially acceptable, technically feasible and environmentally compatible (Choguill, 2007). In the other hand, housing encompasses the immediate environment, sanitation, drainage, recreational facilities, and all other economic and social activities that make life worthwhile (Olejado, 2003).The adult male Commission on surroundings and Development (WCED, 1987) report, Our prevalent Future has led to a world-wide nonion of the plan of sustainable development (Meldon, 1998). However, it has been argued that the history of the concept of sustainability derriere be traced tooshie to the terms stationery or steady state economy employ by the nineteenth century political economist (European Environment agency, 1997). Today there atomic number 18 over 300 published definitions of sustainable development, the products of dissimilar w orld views and competing vested interests (Moles and Kelly, 2000). Fundamentally, sustainable development addresses three major worldsI. People living today are entitled to justice and rival rights II. environmental degeneration must be alleviated or eliminated and III. Future generations must non be impoverished as a result of current actions (Redclift,1987).Our Common Future explores how sustainable development is not a fixed state of harmony but rather a process of change in which the exploitation of choices, the orientation of technological development, and institutional change are made consistent with future as well as present needs (Moles and Kelly, 2000). In other words, (WCED, 1987, 8) its cookd as developmentwhich meets the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.The Commission not alone observed that environmental problems need to be addressed, but also socials problem, such as inequity, property, non-prosperi ty and the violation of homophile rights, that are related to explosive population developing and the enormous expansion of environmental harms caused by human activities. According to the Commission, solving these problems requires global economic growth whilst respecting ecological constraints (Klunder, 2004). Other studies, (Ding, 2008) defined sustainable development is as a concern of attitudes and judgment to help insure long-term ecological, social and economic growth in society.While the term of sustainable development is well known and widely used, there is no common understanding and approach for it. The perception of sustainability especially when it comes to what needs is regarded as important varies much by different nation and even different people with different points in time, economic, social and cultural backgrounds (Zinkernagel, 2001). The detail of what comprises sustainable development is very context specific and the same condition and practice cannot apply everywhere. There frontwards, sustainability has its diverse implications in every corner of the world and in every sector of a society (Bell and Morse, 2003).For construction sector, the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial proviso and the Environment (1990) explains sustainable as directed towards the reduction of the environmental and health impacts consequent to construction, mental synthesiss and the built environment. Such construction processes would bring environmental responsibility, social awareness, and economic profitability objectives to the fore in built environment related realizes (Langston and Ding, 2001).There are various definitions of sustainable housing The European Union defined sustainable housing in the following perspective construction (e.g. Quality of construction), social and economic factors (e.g. Affordability and psychological impacts) and ecoefficiency (e.g. Efficient use of non-renewable resources) (VROM, 2005).Previously, IHBC (1998) definitionspre sent the general factor of a sustainable housing practice that is applicable under various circumstances, depending on the conditions where its implemented (Larasati, 2006). Basically, all these definitions were carry out the idea of Principle 15 of the Declaration of the United Nations concourse on The Human Environment Planning must be applied to human settlements and urbanization with a view to avoiding adverse effects on the environment and obtaining maximum social, economic and environmental benefits for all (UNEP, 1972).A sustainable house is cost-efficient over time, comfortable, shoddy to maintain and complements our unique environment (Queensland Government, 2004). Sustainable Housing is a new concept in developing countries and unearthing objectifys covering all aspects of sustainability proved to be difficult (Ebsen, 2000). For housing that make up a great proportion of building, sustainable housing could be defined as housing practices, which strive for constituent( a) quality (including economic, social, and environmental writ of execution) in a broad way (John, Croome Jeronimidis, 2005).The focus on sustainable housing implies a perspective of flows (Klunder, 2004). From this viewpoint, a sustainablehousing is characterized by the minimization of the environmental impacts of genuine use, efficiency consumption and water consumption during the whole service life of the building.2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENTMalaysia is a developing country heading towards industrialization. The growths of industries bid rapid housing expansion due to the high demand from the customer. A good housing area has to fulfill the health aspect from the building, drainage, clean water supply, domestic mishandle management and suitable ventilation. The quality of housing and its social, economic and environmental performance is critically important to sustainable development. However, the lacks of practices of exteriorize winner factors in housing development activities m ay often bring slightly water, air and land pollutions thus affect the natural environment, health and quality oflife.These issues are often raised today as problems of uncontrolled development of housing growth as concern for the environment is not cerebrateed. With this concern in mind, housing and other social services become priority in todays development programmes which aimed at change the quality of life and contributing towards the formation of a compassionate society. However, the issue of sustainable housing are still new and not that familiar in our country. With referring back the house being built in the past decade, those houses were not meeting the essential criteria of sustainability and unfortunately, there are little to none in depth studies for this matter.Although the homes that create may look good and be cheap to build, they are poor value if they weather poorly, incur high energy and other running costs, are expensive to maintain and cannot adapt to cha nges in use. According to Maylor (1999) those organizations that are most resourceful in desire out best practices and making those aspects work for them will be the most successful.Although project management has proved its success in many construction projects, there is however well-nigh problems associated with the manner in which the brass has been selected and/or implemented ( zero(prenominal)m S. et al., 2004). Here, critical factors of successful project management were establish to develop a new area of managing sustainable housing for further studies of this research to ensure its potential for future sustainability.2.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONSestablish on the problems stated above, two main questions are formed as below 1) What are the critical factors that are required for the successful death penalty of sustainable housing practices?2) What are the critical factors project management best practices in sustainable housing development?2.2 OBJECTIVESThere are two objectives f or this paper1) To detect factor that are required for the successful implementation ofsustainable housing practice.2) To establish the success factors that determines the best practices for project management in sustainable housing.3) To establish guideline for project management best practices for sustainable housing.3.0 FACTORS EFFECTING PROJECT achiever noneadays, companies are increasingly using projects in their daily work to achieve high society ends. The only way organizations can be driven to achieve excellence is by keeping an middle on competition and world best practice in all aspects of the business (Bendell et. all, 1998). Recently to a greater close and more organizations are recognizing that translating corporate strategies into actions requires project management. Consequently, it is vital that projects are successful (Baccarini, 2003). Critical success factors are important influences that contribute to project success. So, critical success factors are the se t of circumstances, facts or influences which contribute to the project outcomes.According to Mobey and Parker (2002), to increase the chances of a project succeeding it is necessary for the organisation to have an understanding of what are the success factors, to systematically and quantitatively assess these factors, anticipating possible causes and effects, and then choose appropriate methods of dealing with them. erst identified, the success of the project can be achieved.Generally, the success of a construction project depends on a number of factors, such as project complexity, contractual arrangements, and relationships between project participants, the competency of project managers, and the abilities of key project members (Chua et al., 1999). Bayliss, (2002) in his report said that successful project delivery requires the concerted effort of the project team to carry out the various project activities, but it is the project manager who, at the summation of the project net work, is responsible for orchestrating the whole construction process. Possessing the core project management competence would helpto define the ability of project managers to deliver good performance towards the attainment of project success.The search for factors that influence project success has been growing interest over the past decade. Among researchers that have tried to a certain extent to identify success factors for project management are Pinto and Slevin (1987,1989), Cooke-Davis (2002), Muller and Turner (2003), Belassi and Tukel (1996) and etc. Success factors are those input to the project management system that lead directly or indirectly to the success of the project or business.Belassi and Tukel, 1996, categorized success factors into four main group. These are factors relating to the project, project managers, organization, and external environment. Others researcher, Chan et al., 2002 identify a set of project success factors project team commitment, contractors c ompetencies, risk and liability assessment, lymph nodes competencies, end-users needs and constraints imposed by end user.As referred to the ten critical success factors authentic by Pinto and Slevin (1986), Pinto and Mantel (1990) conjure up that these critical success factors were found to be generalisable to a wide mix of project types and organizations. Their model is one of the most widely quoted lists of critical success factors (Muller and Turner, 2007). However a wizard set of project success factors may not be suitable for all industries (Lim et al, 1999 Hartman et al, 1996). Liu and Walker 1998 suggest that as industries operate differently, a set of critical success factors may not be moveable from one project to another projectonly generic areas can be identified and used as broad guidelines.A comprehensive check out of the literature research on success factors of project management was conducted. Table 1 gives lists of the critical success factors developed in t he various literatures. Several researchers have identified the factors that significantly determine project management success. Based on the frequency analysis, the critical success factors are prioritised as shown in Table 2.Table 1. Summary of literature reviews from various authors for project success AuthorsPinto Critical Success FactorsBelassi Cooke-Baccarini Andersen Hyvari Turner KhangSlevinDavies(1999,et al.,Muller(2002)2003)(2006)(2005,07)Moe(1987,89) Tukel(2006)(1996)(2008) give intellectTop Management bet onInformation/CommunicationClient Involvement able stick out aggroupAuthority of the ProjectManager/LeaderRealistic Cost and TimeEstimatesAdequate Project statementPlanning/ incorporatelingProject mission /commongoalProject Ownershipfeedbackor verifiable basis.Table 2 Prioritisation of CSFsCritical Success FactorsPrioritisedOccurrenceNo.Frequency ofRank1Competent Project Team812Authority of the Project Manager/Leader623Project Understanding534Top Management stake 53Remark critical success factors that is determined by the authors either on a conceptualSr.Monitor performance andAdequate Resources fortune ManagementProblem Solving Abilities5Client Involvement536Project mission /common goal537Adequate Resources448Realistic Cost and Time Estimates449Information/Communication4410Project Ownership3511Monitor performance and feedback3512Planning/ dogmatic3513Risk Management3514Adequate Project Control2615Problem Solving Abilities26The frequency analysis in Tables 1 and 2 revealed that there are only one critical success factors in all frameworks in common which is competent project team. The analysis also showed that authority of the project manager/ attractor is prioritised in rank 2. The analysis further revealed that 5 out of the 8 frameworks have four critical success factors in common Project Understanding, Top Management Support, Client Involvement and Project bang/common goal. The Adequate Resources, Realistic Cost and Time Estimates and information/Communication success factors have their front line in forth frameworks respectively.The other critical success factors (namely, Project ownership, Monitor performance and feedback, Planning/Controlling and Risk Management) are presented in very few frameworks (Table 1 and 2). Meanwhile, the other two factors were not commonly found in the literature which is adequate projectcontrol and problem solving abilities.4.0 FACTORS OF PROJECT SUCCESS FOR SUSTAINABLE HOUSINGThe subject of project management is vast and numerous authors continuously add to the bole of literature on the subject. According to the Project Management Institute (2004), the discipline of project management can be defined as followsProject management is the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of electron orbit, cost, time, quality and participation satisfaction.Projec t management best practices may be described as optimum way of performing work to achieve high performance (Ramabadron et all., 1997). According to Dey (2002), current project management practices of organizations in the industry sector do not always ensure success. The main problems with projects planning and implementation have been cost and time overruns and quality non-achievement. Dey (2002) stated that the main contributing factors are Expansion of the scope and subsequent quality increases of input resources applied science and design changes Underestimation and incorrect estimation and Unforeseen ostentation Project size and complexity and etc.Dey, (2002) illustrates projects management growing popularity has stimulated interest in how companies oppose in their application of project management process, tools and techniques. Successful project management can contribute towards project success but is unlikely to be able to prevent project failure (de Wit, 1988).The variou s variables affecting the success factors are identified in theprevious section. There are Project Understanding, Top Management, Support Communication, Client Involvement, Competent Project Team, Authority of Top Level, Realistic Cost and Time Estimates, Adequate Project Control, Problem Solving Abilities, Risk Management, Adequate Resources, Planning/Controlling, Monitor performance and feedback, Project mission /Common goal, and Project Ownership. Furthermore, a new conceptual framework that includes the indentified variables of project success is shown in Fig. 1. Its show that variables project success can influence a variable of criteria measuring sustainable housing.Figure 1 mannikin of Project Management Success Factors in Sustainable Housing.Project ManagementSuccess FactorCriteria measureSustainable HousingCompetent Project TeamAuthority of the ProjectManager/LeaderProject UnderstandingTop Management SupportClient InvolvementProject mission /common goalAdequate ResourcesRe alistic Cost and TimeEstimatesInformation/CommunicationProject OwnershipMonitor performance andfeedbackPlanning/ControllingRisk ManagementAdequate Project ControlProblem Solving Abilities pushing Efficiency Use of Materials Water Efficiency Disposal Site Issues Green Traffic Outdoor environment andIndoor environmentProject Management Success Factors in Sustainable Housing Economically are cost-efficient over the lifespan of the dwelling environmental/Ecology are resource efficient in terms of materials, waste, water and energy Social/Community are safe, flexible and comfortable for people with varying abilities* Critical success factor of project management were establish to come out the best practices in new area in Sustainable Housing.An extensive literature survey on sustainable housing also has been carried out to select criteria measurement frameworks for this study. The relevant literature has revealed that different researchers have adopted quasi(prenominal) sustainabil ity criterias framework that consider on three basic themes of the sustainable construction social, environmental, and economic. Below, there are a few literatures findings in term of criteria of measuring sustainable housing1. Winston (2007) have carried out some important characteristics of sustainable housing include sustainable land-use planning resisting scattered settlements housing close to fight and public transport higher residential densities sustainable construction high standards of energy efficiency in use of dwellings housing availability, affordabilityand quality access to green space, and a high quality residential environment. many a(prenominal) sustainable building indicator sets are derived from conceptual models (Winston and Pareja, 2008).2. Blaauw (1997), the following environmental theme are derived from a workbook for sustainable building and housing energy, Use of Materials, Water, Disposal, Site, Green, Traffic, Outdoor environment and Indoor environment. 3. Building Environmental lore Technology (B.E.S.T), formulated residential green building guidelines Emphasize the reduce, recycle, re-use, renewable use energy, water and resource efficiently healthy indoor air quality building has affordable community development creates a sense of well-being the home remains reasonably affordable and cost effective.4. (Bennett and James, 1999) Effective sustainability measurement should consider the complete triple bottom line of economic, environmental, and societal performance which isa) Social Sustainability Healthy internal environmentSafety (personal, househ elder and environmental)Provision of social amenityProvision of recreation amenityAccessibility to jobs and comfortsb) Economic Sustainability Cost efficient over timeAdaptability with min. costAffordabilityJob creations and local economyc) Environmental Sustainability Energy efficiencyWater efficiency/ConservationReduction of greenhouse gas emissionsWaste management / recyclingMater ial efficiencyPollution prevention noise, water, airOptimization conservation of land cheer and enhance biodiversityReduction of car dependency5. Green Building Manual from the US plane section of Energy (DOE) Public Technology, Inc. (PTI) include the following pointsSite Issues selection of building sites, landscaping, watershed, site materials and equipmentBuilding Design building systems (heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, electrical and plumbing systems) and indoor environmental qualityConstruction ProcessOperations Maintenancepolitical economy Environment energy and water efficiency, waste reduction, construction costs, building maintenance management savings.For the purpose of this research, eight-spot aspects of criteria sustainability that can be used to analyze sustainable housing , were derived from the six environmental themes that are differentiate The National Measures for Sustainable Building (Hendriks, 2001) Energy trim the demand for energy, promoting t he use of sustainable energy resources and using energy efficientlyMaterials more efficient use of materials, reducing waste and removing it responsiblyWater reducing water usage, preventing land drying up, and protecting water qualityIndoor Environment up(a) air quality, improving thermal comfort, and reducing noise levels.Surrounding Environment supporting bio-diversity, strengthening the perception of the environment (including maintaining old townscapes) and reducing nuisance (noise, wind, odor)Miscellaneous improving the flexibility of the home with regard to accommodating new functions and improving safetyIt is expected that study of project management best practices in the extent of project success could lead toward meeting criteria of sustainable housing. This approach in sustainable housing area will provide much needed information to local authorities to take more effective control of housing issues.5.0 CONCLUSIONThe implementation of success factors for project managemen t in sustainable housing is important in other to ensure project success. Apparently, the sustainable housing is one ofthe major contributors to the development of any country. Unfortunately, in our country Malaysia, the issue of sustainable housing development is still new and not yet the proactive action had been taken to develop the housing sector in sustainable way. Thus, this research is proposed to identify success factors for project management in sustainable housing area. At the end of this paper, a new area of managing sustainable housing for future direction of this research will identified.A list of critical success factors from various authors for project management success for sustainable housing development in Malaysia was established. 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