Antibiotic-resistant bacteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria - Essay ExampleThe problems that exist in the procurable data for ABR is the fact that the reported cases are just approximations as given by various content summary tables which are able to give only a rough estimate of the real payload of illness. Thus there is no great precision in these figures and the real number of infections and deaths are consequently definitely higher than the figures provided. This problem can be overcome by doing studies in limited settings much(prenominal) a single hospital or a cluster of hospitals where the actual figures are taken (WHO, 2014).underground can be tackled by using antibiotics only on prescription by a assured health practitioner, completing full treatment dose, even after healing and avoiding sharing of antibiotics with other hatful or taking leftover prescriptions. The methods that have little impact are the ones that are single and uninvolved interventions such as prescription and dispensation of th e right drugs without much education to the patient. These studies lack accuracy since the data apply is only estimates. An appropriate study should be done in a limited setting and should be conclusive taking into account the cost and specific type of resistance witnessed and by what particular bacteria (WHO,

Krean kimchi culture research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Krean kimchi market-gardening - Research Paper ExampleThis is why kimchi is a special attend to for them. In America and in other parts of the world, the dish has gained quite a following. By conducting research on my Korean friends, I discovered that kimchi as a culture is getting popular no matter in Korea or America. This is not only because of its tastes, healthy ingredients, nutritional value and its history, but also because it represents the spirit of the Korean community and culture.The world now is full of health products. Their manufacturers say the products will help clean peoples bodies, prevent diseases or sicknesses or help people live longer. Some of these products are supposedly natural while some come in the form of capsules or tablets that are made from chemicals. I recollect this fact ironic because I do not think chemicals can be good for the body. As for eating organic food, I have yet to appreciate the taste because sometimes it can be very unfamiliar to th e taste buds. Hanging out with several friends from Korea, I found out that Koreans do not care for organic food or food supplements because they have their own health dish. This is what they call kimchi. I was further intrigued by kimchi when I discovered that it was being enjoyed around the world by non-Koreans, too. Health enthusiasts around the world have found out that the ingredients in the dish bring a lot of nutrition to ones body. To find out more about this Korean delicacy, I conducted some research and personally interviewed some of my Korean friends. This paper is a collection of my friends experiences about kimchi.A non-American living in the United States cannot avoid eating fast food. The country is known for its McDonalds, Burger Kings and iHops. These chains make eating convenient for the busy people in the country, foreigner or not. Koreans are no exception. However, since the KThere are various kinds of Kimchi according to what main

Critically evaluate the role of e-Business adoption models to assess Essay

Critically respect the role of e-Business adoption models to assess exisiting eBusiness capabilities of SMEs and make recommendations for future strategy and investment - Essay ExampleIn the olden stages of business, the manufacturer used traditionalistic methods of merchandising with advertising in the print and electronic media (Shima & Varfan 2008). And traditional methods uses different channels of distribution such as wholesalers and retailers (Bernard et al. 2010). Thus it involves a huge cost of distribution.The performance of the business based on the Internet and web based engine room is termed as E-business (Andam 2003, p. 5). As the technology advances day by day, it is better to adopt these changes to be successful in the business sector in terms of production and marketing. E-business helps in marketing through reducing the advertisement cost by reaching out to the people globally through the internet by search engines such as Yahoo, Google etc (Chapter 1 Introducti on to E-business and e-Commerce n.d.).Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) have low man-power and low capital compared to immense scurf companies. Usually SMEs face difficulties at their initial stage of establishment. Since SMEs play a major role in the economic development of the country, a special priority has to be provided (The New SME Definition User snuff it and Model Declaration 2005). Hence a study has to be made on the E-business model and the outflank among them can be adopted for the enhancement of SMEs.The cost of production and distribution is applicable to both large scale and small scale organizations. But the SMEs face more difficulties in raising funds as their amount of investment is very low (Promoting Entrepreneurship and Innovative SMEs in a Global Economy Towards a More Responsible and Inclusive Globalisation 2004). At present the big and branded companies use online marketing as a selling method, which reduces their huge marketing cost (Eriksen & Hem mingsen n.d.). This technique can be withal used by the SMEs. It involves the electronic transactions between a company and the third party (Myers, Fletcher & Gordon

Business 5000 5day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Business 5000 5day - Essay ExampleIt is not only the business world that is progressively engaging in scrutiny of CSR, but the literary community as well. This is a trend unadorned from the increased CSR studies and the wide array of theoretical concepts that attempt to elucidate this polar aspect of business. For instance, early studies alike(p) those conducted by Drayton (2002, pp. 124) do not evaluate CSR as an entire companys responsibility, but quite an as a social duty of individual entrepreneurs. However, with progression in time, the literature diversifies to and most print works show CSR in a wider scope. There appears to be a consensus amongst scholars on the wide scope nature of CSR, as many literary sources show that the concept embraces ethical, environmental, and social challenges. Author Morsing and Schultz (2006, pp.123-134) makes the assertion that incorporate social responsibility is largely propelled by increased public demands for improved corporate citize nship and companies transp atomic number 18ncy. ... , international diversification of companies is making many multinational companies (MNCs) come into contact with global customers and suppliers that have varying business and pagan backgrounds. As a result, these companies have to adopt norms and practices of the recipient country, in order to blend in and extend profitably in the new environment. This idea is supported by Mair and Marti (2006, pp. 23-35), who emphasizes that CSR agendas closely relate with global development. App bently, CSR strategies are perceived as vehicles through which large MNCs can actively foster the welfare of developing nations, by conducting their operations in a responsible manner, especially in regard to environmental and social issues. However, as Crane and Matten (2003, p. 84) notes, the reality of the situation is that, majority of the large international companies usually undermine CSR provisions. This is shown by the corporations wrong and irresponsible behavior characterized by problematic issues like provision of insecure workplace environment, gender discrimination, raw payment, sexual harassment, as well as, pollution of the environment with toxic effluents or emissions. Even though CSR strategies are utilized in virtually every business environment, it is imperative to not that they may vary from whiz economy to another. The CSR approach in developing nations largely differs from that in developed regions. For instance, developing nations are characterized by continuing economic growth, making them suitable targets for majority of foreign corporations. These nations are considered to be lucrative, since they have voluminous low wage labour, a wide variety of resources, and limited government restrictions. These are all crucial elements for MNCs profitable

Comics, Power, and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comics, Power, and Society - Essay ExampleHe writes by using the minimum of expression and his in writing(p)s convey profound messages. The visuals depicted through The Arrival are impossible to translate verbatim. They appeals to the knowledgeable world of an individual depending upon the level of ones intellectual capacity, power of discrimination and spiritual progression.The career of an individual does not relate to any one branch of social science discipline. Disciplines like sociology, history, economic science etc. impact an individual simultaneously from all ends. From the American point of view, immigrant experience is an important sight especially in the life of an African American. The graphic of Arrival Suitcase highlights the lifes go of a man on the lookout for a better life for his family in the unknown country. He is sure to encounter economic and sociological problems, and on reaching the destination country he becomes the parcel of the history of that count ry. He also continues to be the part of the history of the country from where he left and practically remains torn between the two identities. He is the product of two histories and tries to mold his life accordingly. He cannot forget his past history he cannot afford to neglect his present state of affairs. The graphic The pilgrimage has the timelessness about it. Time, its impact and functioning is impossible to fathom. Its greatness is about its ambiguity and profundity. Through this graphic Shaun Tan conveys the epic voyage of human life which is mostly compared to ones efforts to negotiate the ocean. new York is a city of conglomeration of races. Multiplicity of cultures is the hallmark of this great American city. Whether cultural assimilation in the true sense of the term has been achieved by the cross-sections of the American population is altogether a different aspect. What has been achieved in this city can be the representative sample for the entire American system. Wh en the immigrants newly arrived

Banking Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Banking Project - Research Paper ExampleThe three liquidity ratios for the financial analysis argon liquid pluss to deposit-borrowing ratio, Loan to deposit and Net loan to total asset. These three ratios of both banks are discussed and analyzed below.Liquid asset to deposit borrowing ratio measures the availability of the fund with respect to its obligations. In the year 2010, CIMB Berand Islamic Bank- Malaysia had the capability of covering 34 % of short term obligations while Al-Rajhi Bank was loose of covering 33 % of their short term obligations. In the following year, The Malaysian bank liquid asset to deposit-borrowing percentage dropped down to 26 % and that of Al-Rajhi Bank dropped down to 30 %, this indicated that the liquidity of the Malaysian Bank was less(prenominal)(prenominal) in comparison to Al-Rajhi Bank. In the year 2012, Al-Rajhi Bank liquidity further increased making them undecided of covering short-term obligations to about 32% while the CIMB Berand Islami c Bank- Malaysia was not able to increase or maintain its liquidity, which resulted in a major decrease in their liquidity. CIMB Berand Islamic Bank- Malaysia in 2012 was only undefended of covering 12 % of short-term obligations. 2013 was a completely shocking for Al-Rajhi Bank as they were only undetermined of covering 10 % of their short term obligations, which shows that their liquidity dropped down by 22 % while CIMB Berand Islamic Bank- Malaysia maintained their ratio at 12 %.CIMB Berand Islamic Bank- Malaysia loan to deposit ratio in 2010 was 61% and that of Saudi Arabia Bank was 78%, which indicated that the Al-Rajhi Bank had low liquidity as compared to the Malaysian Bank. Year 2011 was some other way round as the Al-Rajhi Bank had more liquidity as compared to that of the Malaysian Bank. A work patter n was again observed in 2012, which means that both banks were not affected by the external factor. In 2013 the liquidity of both banks increased which means that the bot h banks had more loans and comparatively less

Intreview Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intreview - Coursework ExampleThis leadership question was conducted on Friday, July 18, 2014 via email. This is because the President of Coca Cola North America was not available in his the States office he was attending a management meeting in Japan. The respondent in the look into information collection process is the President of Coca Cola North America, Mr. J. Alexander M. Douglas Jr. He responded to the interview question at 9.23PM, July 18, 2014. demand entails the driving force that ensures increased productivity of employees of an organization (Hersey et al., 2013). Motivation is the inner drive that makes people (employees) to behave in an appropriate manner that enhances organizational productivity. Motivation has multidisciplinary root comprising philosophical, social, cognitive and behavioral aspects. Motivation provides impulse that optimizes well being, and maximizes satisfaction. Employees should be motivated to work for a abandoned company if motivation is not ade quate then work productivity will deteriorate (Baumeister & Vohs, 2004).In the Coca Cola Company, employees are mostly motivated with the employee learning programs. Employee recognition entails changing the incarnate culture so as to achieve initiatives and goals, and also to connect the staffs to core values and beliefs of the company. Strategic recognition entails programs that enhance employee motivation and retention. Coca cola ensures that all employees are equipped with appropriate training that ensures efficacy and thereafter motivation that drive performance (Cofer & Applev, 1997).Mr. Alexander has done a great work in ensuring staff motivation. This is because he has created a favorable environment that ensures enhanced employee performance, employee skills improvement, and employee career development. Performance excellence is ensured through provision of resources for work, job learning, and career progress (Cofer & Applev, 1997). On

Concepts in Physical Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Concepts in Physical Science - Essay ExampleBy combining observations rational arguments and experimentation he supported the theory of vision. He corrected the preconceived notion by stating that the rays of light ar emitted from objects rather than coming from the eyes. He rejected the old theories of Ptolemy and Euclid about the theory of vision.He also corrected Aristotles theory where he had claimed that objects emit physical particles towards the eyes. During the first millennium, BC Babylonian Astronomy evolved into the most lucky examples of scientific astronomy. This method of astronomical study was the first successful attempt at refining the numeral description of astronomical movements. All further developments in astronomy by the Islamic world and the Indian scientists was made possible due to such research. During the middle of the fifth century BC, new(prenominal) great philosophers care Plato mentioned teaching arithmetic, astronomy, and geometry. The field of c hemistry is as ancient as the scientific thought process itself. The soonest record of using metals by humans appears to be gold. It is usually found free or edged in nature and does not include chemical processing to obtain it. It also means that other metals like silver, tin, copper, and iron gave the earliest humans an opportunity to work with metals. Democritus was a Greek philosopher who founded the atomistic work where he worked on finding the reasons why different substances had different properties and why they existed in different states.

Art homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art homework - sample ExampleThere are cut lines that are utilise to draw the tentacles of the animal. Swirling lines have also been used in the fleck of ruse. The lines do occur at the edge where the color and texture change.Subject topic the second painting is an oil painting that portrays three people on horses. This is evident as the artisan drew the three people from the back side and you can see the back side of the horse. establish on the dressing by the three people , they seem to be from Mexico. What the artist had in mind was drawing three people who were riding their horse in a large field some probably the large coca plantations ( Reza 38). This is evident with the vanishing point that is evident in this piece of art. The piece of art has bright color in.a) Color the alter that the artist used in drawing this kind of art were red, yellowish and green. These are modify that are on can see in the real world. The dominant colors in this picture were bright col ors.b) Lines there are different types of lines that the artist uses . There are curved lines that are used to draw the people on the horses and the mountain. Swirling lines have also been used in the piece of art. The lines do occur at the edge where the color and texture change.Subject matter The third painting is an oil painting that portrays a family. There is a man, woman and a squirt at the center. The purview that connects the man is a resemble of the connection between the two (Reza 37). The flower just besides the child means that when and woman are in love they can get married and give parentage to a child. The objective that the artist had in his mind while drawing this picture was drawing a complete family and add some artistic feature like the clouds and the flowers. The picture has bright colors.a) Color the colors that the artist used in drawing this kind of art were yellow and green and the rainbow colors. These are colors that are on can see in the real world. The dominant

Key Factors Affect In Car Buying In Shanghai Dissertation

Key Factors Affect In Car Buying In Shanghai - Dissertation ExampleThere were also several corporations that distorted the place of factories in mainland China from dispensation trade bases to production bases for domestic supply depending on the market expansion. In the case of processed fodder manufacturers, the position of Chinese factories thus far was to process worldwide procured raw materials in China and exporting them to Japan. This approach is based on the opinion concerning modify in the consumer market that the insist for processed nutrition will produce because there ar many dual-income families and families in China often go let out for Long routed drive (Kim, L., 2003, 506-521).Findings Consumer market growing at multiple levelsAccording to the latest research, In the Chinese market, the purchasing power of heart income earners and over is increasing in the urban areas of coastal regions. In addition, incomes are rising in the urban areas in the inland and northea stern regions, and consumer behavior is ahead momentum in wide-ranging regions and income groups. At the same time, though, it has become clear from this study that there are lots of factors that cannot be precise by averages, such as differences in consumer behavior in the urban and rural areas in the Chinese market as well as disparities in consumer behavior by income group intimate cities as well. Retailers such as Car dealers that have entered the Chinese market have seen strapping product line results in China, which has acceded to the WTO and is rapidly making progress in deregulation.

Polymers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Polymers - evidence ExampleAmong the naturally-occurring polymers are cotton, silk, cellulose, proteins and DNA, natural rubber, and amber whereas those of synthetic polymers are nylon, polyethylene, polyester, Teflon, epoxy, synthetic rubber, silic atomic number 53, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and neoprene. As covalently bonded structures of macromolecules, polymers can be modified and be formed in chains that are linear, branched, cross-linked, or networked.Like any some other molecule or substance with certain characteristics, a polymer bears properties specific to its own composition and nature. Polymeric properties gain been determined based on the identity of constituent monomers, the ar clipment of these monomers along with repeating units into a microstructure at heart a polymer, the manikin behaviour, the polymer morphology, as well as the mechanical and chemical properties of a polymer.Critical to the understanding of the morphology and phase behaviour of polymers is t he temperature, for the degree of crystallinity of a polymer is a function of temperature so that through temperature variation, one can decide when a polymer becomes either crystalline or amorphous. A polymer transitions from a crystalline phase to an amorphous phase upon reaching its melting point. At high temperatures in which polymers behave as cohesive perspicuous, thermoplastic polymers soften unstably while thermosetting polymers harden permanently where thermosets, such as epoxy and polyester, are found to be more brittle and dimensionally stable than thermoplasts, like polyetheretherketone, upon heating. During cooling period, however, a polymer transforms from a rubbery-viscous liquid phase to an amorphous solid phase, deforming elastically at low temperatures. Adjusting the temperature affects the modulus of elasticity of a polymer such that a range of polymeric material whether viscous,

World War 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World state of war 2 - Essay ExampleRoosevelt went into the conference with the agenda of trying to influence the Soviet Union to juncture in the war in the Pacific where the United States almost single-handedly fought lacquer. He was of the belief that if Russia were to disgrace the war on its side, then it would be much easier for the allies to defeat the Imperial military of Japan and force the latter to surrender. Roosevelt desired to end the war with Japan with minimal American casualties and the participation of the Soviet Union would have made this possible (Berthon & Potts285). Stalin, because of his relatively strong come in, declared that the only way that he would agree to declare war on Japan would be if the United States recognised the Mongolian Peoples land as an independent state and that all of the islands which Russia had ceded to Japan after their war in 1902, namely the Kuril and Sakhalin Islands, were returned.These conditions were agree to by the other part icipants in the conference and it has remained controversial ever since because China, the biggest loser in their implementation, was not consulted. Furthermore, Roosevelt and Stalin reached an stipulation to keep the Korean peninsula in one piece once the Soviet Union became involved in the Pacific arena. Stalin agreed to enter the war with Japan some three months after the fall of Germany so that the Soviet Union could be able to marshal itself sufficient to help the United States invade the Nipponese home territory. Stalin agreed to the proposition that the Soviet Union join the United Nations and this guarantee was secured through the Soviet Union is one of the nations which had the veto power in the Security Council ensuring that all of the decisions that it did not agree with were out of use(p) (Schlesinger185). During this conference, the three leaders agreed to create spheres of influence in the postwar Europe with each of them having zones to run through within Germany and this agreement ensured that these three nations upheld their supremacy over the entire European continent. In conclusion, the discussion preceding(prenominal) has shown that the Yalta Conference was held by the Big Three, in a bid to discuss the development of a postwar order of Europe after the defeat of Germany.Each of the leaders went into the conference with their own agenda and it should be far-famed that before this conference, the Soviet Union had attained great strides and was close to capturing the German capital, meaning that Stalin was in an oddly strong position in the Yalta conference and the attendees from Britain and the United States realised that they were in a weak position to oppose his demands.

Baiersdorf Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Baiersdorf - Case Study ExampleAs the paper highlights, the financial crisis has brought an adverse impact on Baiersdorf and in the first quarter of 2009, the company has switched to 1,029 million deposits into security to diversify its risks due to financial crisis. proficient after the financial crisis, the year 2009 was very difficult for the company. Although the revenue was still relatively high at 5,748 million in 2008, the company has reported 5,633 million revenue in 2009, which is far less than the front year. Thus, from the year 2008, a major restructuring procedure has begun in its various segments and is still going on. The prime object glass of this report is to examine whether the restructuring strategy is really inspection and repairful for the company to move out the impacts of recession or not. The findings has suggested that proper implementation of the strategies like, product life cycle, international business strategy, product innovation and human resource m anagement can make the local companies to create customer base in both local and host market. In addition to that, it also helps them to create brand awareness in the global market. Conducting this research has been one of the moat preferable and learning experiences in my life. It was exceptionally enhancing my knowledge and basic skill of analysis. Now, I am quite capable to handle the real life challenges that I can face season handling the real life problems. However, all these would have not been possible without special guidance and help of form many persons. First, I would like thank my supervisor for guidance and constant assistance passim the research. After that a special thanks goes to my academic guides who shared their view and knowledge to encourage me. Finally, I would like to my team members who share their valuable insights with me and gave the strengths require to conduct the research. Based in Germany Baiersdorf is one the largest names in the global industry of personal care and cosmetics.

Comparison of Marge Piercy and Kate Chopin articles on Women's Essay

Comparison of Marge Piercy and Kate Chopin articles on Womens Oppression - Essay shellAs the essay states the work by Piercy presents the womens oppressiveness by use of symbolism. The woman in the stage setting is as the Bonsai maneuver which is and not allowed to grow and attain maximum height. The desired height of the tree by the gardener is nine inches, which represent absolute oppression when elaborated by the tree height. The height of the tree is a metaphor to represent the nature and the level of oppression meted at the women by male world. contempt limiting the growth of the woman, the gardener reasons in the concluding instance of the story, that the woman is lucky to have him because he considers the woman as domestic and weak.According to the report it is clear that compared to A story of the hour by Kate Chopin, the poem represents oppression using absolute symbolism, but two stories elaborate the role of men in the oppression and struggle for liberation. The fail ure in womens liberation is by the trust and love they profess to have. The passing between the poem and the story is based on the actions taken by women in the story. In both cases, they do not take any action to overcome the situation. The Kate Chopin story reveals oppression using a marriage setup. The marriage of Louise Mallard to Brently and perceived death of Brently is the focus of the story. The perceived death in a rail accident helps to build the womens oppression. In the story, after learning of the death, Louise uses the word free to illustrate the oppression in her marriage.

Detrimental effects to real women by women portrayed on TV Research Paper

prejudicious effects to real women by women portrayed on TV - Research Paper ExampleThese women argon to serve as an example of how a female should look and behave they radiate magnetism that stack generate all imaginable and unimaginable feelings and thoughts. Nevertheless, the arguments behind this suggestion are not unmistakable. It is essential to extrapolate the line between the TV world and the real life, between natural and virtual. It is not infrequent that numerous women feel themselves imperfect and unworthy in comparison to their TV counterparts (Doane, 1991).A woman who regularly judge herself against the females from TV usually becomes not very self-assured. The images created and shown on TV decrease womens self-esteem as they do reflect the ideas of feminism women have been struggling for for many years. And it is a well- known fact, that self-respect guarantees becoming attitude of former(a) people and consequently, self-assurance, approval, and finally, the imp ression a women makes. TV shows talk about and show women dissimilar from those we meet in the real life. Surely, it would be more beneficial for female population to look for other samples for assessment (Hyde, 2005).Men and women have very different self-appraisal and the attitudes towards each other are formed with years. These attitudes and stereotypes are formed inside of our souls by what we see and hear around. As we watch TV all(prenominal) day, many of our stereotypes are formed with the help of it. Women were struggling for their rights and self-respect for ages however, sometimes there is an impression that these efforts are not taken into account. Almost every ad contains something offensive for the representatives of fair sex, because what they see on TV cant even be compared with what they see in everyday life (Juhasz, 2001).Modern famous serials like Sex and the City make women think about their lives. Here we can see quad women, free and successful who does not need any marriage or children and just have gambol enjoying life. Such life is not natural for

Policing Development and Operation Trends Essay Example for Free

Policing Development and Operation Trends EssayWrite a 1,050-1,400-word paper in which you analyze the organizational management, administration, and operational aspects of policing within policing organizations. In your analysis, be sure to tax past, present, and future trends pertaining to the continuing development and operation of the field of policing and how these evolutions impact various policing organizations (local, state, federal). Format your paper logical with APA guidelines.You can learn lots in college. It is not only a great place to lead off an academic education, but you can get a social education, too. When you use the advice from this article, you can make your period in college success and productive and the best time of your life.

The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby EssayThey say that notes is the resolve of all evil. This novel exemplifies how the char benders live for bullion and are controlled by it. Love and happiness cornerstone non be bought, no matter how much silver was spent. turkey cock and Daisy were married and even had a child, but they both up to now committed adultery. Daisy was with Gatsby and Tom was with Myrtle. They tried to find happiness with their lovers, but the risk of changing their lifestyles was not worthy it. They were not happy with their spouses but could not find happiness with their lovers.Happiness cannot be found or bought. Daisy lost her love and respect for Gatsby when she found out he was a bootlegger. The most-valuable thing was not further having money, but where they money came from. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel, The Great Gatsby, money is a prominent theme. The pen displays that money is bring in and spent in very specific ways. Each characters birth with money allows the reader to see their soulalities more clearly. In the beginning of Chapter Two, Nick and Tom Buchanon energise just met Toms girlfriend Myrtle.The three of them are on their way to Tom and Myrtles apartment when an immemorial man selling puppies on the side of the street catches Myrtles eye. The cause explains, I pauperism to get one those dogs, she tell earnestly. I want to get one for the apartment. Theyre nice to take a shit- a dog-I think its cuteIs it a boy or a girl? She asked delicately. Its a dapplech, said Tom decisively. Heres your money. Go and buy ten more dogs with it (pages 27-28). Toms actions and plectron of words when he is buying the puppy for his girlfriend Myrtle show the reader that he does not have respect for women.The way Tom throws his money around illustrates that he believes he, because he has money, is better than the person selling the puppies. Fitzgerald uses the money theme again when he writes about the parties that his characters attend . He notes I like your fig up, remarked Mrs. McKee, I think its adorable. Mrs. Wilson rejected the compliment by raising her eye brow in disdain. Its just a crazy middle-aged thing, she said. I just slip it on sometimes when I dont care what I look like (page 31).Myrtle rejects the compliment on her graze because she wants to portray herself as a woman who wears extravagant clothing. When in reality, the dress that she is wearing was a dress that Tom had bought for her. It is actually the most expensive dress that she owns. Prestige and money are so important that she lies to impress those around her. In the 1920s money was very abundant. This was spangn as the g anileen age. masses were very materialistic during this time period. The wealthy families in the novel such as Gatsby or the Buchanons were eer trying to impress rather than trying to be themselves.This was a period of drinking, companionshiping, and spending which was best visualized by the Buchanons. They see m to be very self-centered people who couldnt give up a bit of the ritzy life to take care of their own child. Nick Carrows, the narrator of the novel several(predicate)iates and alternates between the ii different types of money in the novel. einsteinium Egg and West Egg. The West Egg is the less cool side of Long Island where Gatsby and Nick live. The East Egg is the fashionable side of Long Island where the Buchanons and other former(a) money people live.Those living in West Egg have wealth, but they have earned it themselves, but the people in East Egg have had money in their families for generations. People from East Egg plainly associate themselves with other people from East Egg and are rather ashamed(predicate) of people of a lower status. The originator explains a situation with Tom on the train, Mrs. Wilson sat discreetly in another car. Tom deferred that much to the sensibilities of those East Eggers who might be on the train (page 26). Tom is dating a girl named M yrtle who is from the Valley of Ashes The Valley of Ashes is a very poor area.She has no money to her name whatsoever, and that is why Tom will not sit in the same car with her on the train. He will not allow people to see that he associates with someone of her localise in life. Nick sees firsthand how different people from West Egg act compared to those from the East Egg. The author writes, Come along, he said- but to her only. Gatsby looked at me questioningly. He wanted to go, and he didnt see that Mr. Sloane had primed(p) he shouldntMy Go, I believe that mans coming, said Tom. Doesnt he know she doesnt want him? (page 103). Gatsby was invited to a party at the East Egg as a system of an apology for having to leave Gatsbys house. Gatsby is from West Egg he completely missed the apology and took it as an invitation. The authors point is that even though people from West Egg and East Egg both have money, they live completely different lifestyles and behave completely differentl y. The author uses money to reveal several different traits in the novel. only of the characters personality traits in the novel are based off of wealth.Without the money, these characters would be nothing. Gatsby is cognise for his money and attitude. The author writes, I heard the familiar jug-jug-sput of a motorcycle, and a frantic policeman rode alongside. All right, gaga sport, called Gatsby. Taking a white card from his wallet, he waved it before the mans eyes. skillful you are, agreed the policeman, tipping his cap. Know you next time, Mr. Gatsby. Excuse me (page 68). Because of Gatsbys past he has been able to meet frequent people in his lifetime and acquire special privileges over the years.The only reason Gatsby can act this way and get away with it is because of his wealth. Another important character who portrays that her personality is shaped by money and wealth is Daisy. She lives a rich lifestyle but is forced to live with a man she cant stand. The author expl ains, Everybody thinks so-the most advanced peopleThe instant her voice broke off ceasing to compile my attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said (page17). Daisy is talking about how she knows so much because she has travelled the world and talked to interesting people through out her life.The author uses Daisy as a prime slip to show that while money may provide opportunities in life, it is what you do with those opportunities that matter. If Daisy didnt have money, she wouldnt be considered smart or sophisticated she would just be another boring person. raw(a) money and old money represents the way in which people are criticized, judged or understood. Old money has a tendency to seclude themselves from lower classes but do not discriminate. While new-fashioned money tends to show off their wealth to the lower classes by throwing spectacular parties and get togethers.A new money party is portrayed as if it were the time of your and a night that no one will ever forget. The author says, The groups remove more swiftly, well with new arrivalsconfident girls who weave here and there among the stouter and more durableexcited with triumph, glide on through the sea-change of faces and voices and color under the constantly changing light (page 40-41). New money parties are exciting and extravagant but the only reason these parties exist is because people with new money take selfish and proud. They pride themselves on where their wealth has brought them.Newly acquired wealth causes people to change, to become someone they really arent, and to do things or be with people they normally would spend time with. An old money party is more like a get together. People must be invited and old old money is expected. The author explains, People disappeared, reappeared, made plans to go somewhere and then lost individually other, searched for each other found each other a few feet away (page 37). The author describes the old money parties in a relaxing manor because parties are not new to people who have had money all their lives.It is not difficult to see the importance that money played not only in the novel, but apparently in the 1920s. The author crafted each character around their social put in life, which was determined by where their money came from. It was apparent that despite the fact that Jay Gatsby worked and earned his money, that it didnt change the fact that he was from the wrong side of the tracks. And while being from the right side of those same tracks, having money didnt really give Daisy what she wanted or needed to be happy. In the end, Gatsby died a sole(a) death, remembered by few.

Soap opera Essay Example for Free

Soap opera EssayEvery soap uses lots of different tv camera cocks and angles. First of all there is the reverse shot, this is used when two people argon talking, t shuttings to be notch and shoulders shot. The second one is the medium shot this is usually head, shoulders and half of a body on the shot. This is unremarkably used when three people are talking, example, at the bar in the Rovers Return. The third shot is the trailing shot, this is used when the characters are moving, i. e. walking or running. This is usually a full body shot.It can be of more than one person. This was used on the expire 40th anniversary episode when it first flummoxed. The quartern shot is the zoom, this is when the camera leads closer or further away from a character, e. g. when Sarah-Lou found out that she was pregnant. The fifth shot is called a pan this is to ensure a long broad view of a safe and sound area. It can also move side to side. This was used in the very first episode of ent hronization Street. When Kens dad passed his wife a cup of tea, it didnt just switch from one person to another.The fifth shot is called the tilt, this is when the camera tilts up and down. In the 40th year episode of Coronation Street they did a live episode. The two main narrative strands were, Whether they were going to save the cobbles, and Whether Vera was going to survive. I think they used these storylines because the producers precious the whole of the cast to appear in the episode. Some of the speeches had double meanings. When Ken said, Long live enthronement street, he is talking slightly the street but I live on that he wants the programme to go on for another forty years. in addition when the whole cast is singing, We shall not, we shall not be moved, they are move to save the cobbles but also they want to stay in Coronation street as there characters. Ken Barlows son came and we know this is going to be the start of a new story line. and so Vera wakes, this i s a storyline resolved. When Curly went into the pub to tell all the characters that Vera had woken up, they all cheered, this shows that Vera is a well-respected character. At the end of the episode, when Ken says, We did it, he means that they contrive saved the cobbles, but also he means that they had sunk the episode with success.The actors seemed genuinely happy, not acting. For Australian soap operas, theme tunes are accompanied by lyrics. They come unrealistic storylines. Neighbours and Home and Away have lots of teenagers who do not seem to have parents. For British soap operas the theme tune is easily recognisable type of music. This lets you know when the programme is on if you are in another room. The brass band type of music lets you know it is Union. Piano and drums let you know that it is cockney, i. e. Eastenders. In every soap, which has, adverts every time before a break it has a question.E. g. when the break came on, on the live episode the question before the break was whether Vera was going to survive or not. Advertisers like to stray their adverts on during prime time television i. e. coronation street because they know that millions of people will be watching the programme. In coronation street the producers and directors deliberately uses the northern dialect. This makes it easily identifiable to a Lancashire place. criterion side is a way of speaking without using a regional accent or dialect.The former we have Standard English is to make sure every country understands each other. I have been looking at a 1995 coronation street script, and the differences in the language of the script compared with Standard English are completely different. The script is written in every twenty-four hour period speech for it to show that it is typical northern town talk. The unusual thing about the script is that it uses typical northern accent and dialect. At the start of the script Vera says, I could do with somewhat crudities. Then Jack say s, its a Christening not a flaming stag night. Now Jack and Vera had a different meaning to the word crudities. Vera means untoughened vegetables but Jack thought she meant things like strippers. This shows that Jack is common because he misunderstood the word crudities. Also when Vera says, who were that on phone? this shows a strong, northern phrase. This phrase is dramatically incorrect. In the 1940s films they used strong, sharp, restrict Standard English. The queen, how she speaks now was old Standard English. Zoi Ball says, Rilly Gid instead of, Really Good. This is Received Pronunciation and this is startle to filter up throughout the country. Despite soap operas being popular because it is centred on women, there is some evidence to show more, that soaps are focussing more frequently on storylines outside the domestic plots much(prenominal) as crime. Additionally the storylines have recently focused on male characters as in Eastenders, Ian Beale fought to get his child ren back and in Coronation Street Jim McDonald had to face the consequences when his son got in a lot of job with drug dealer, Jed Quigley.Finally, other possible reasons for soap operas popularity could be escapism or relaxation. At the end of the day the viewer can sit down, relax and watch an episode of Coronation Street, and escape from the problems of reality, and think about characters problems instead. Most significantly though, soap operas concern with the everyday people and their problems, big and small, appears to be one of the main reasons why this genre is so popular.

Eriksonian Perspective Essay Example for Free

Eriksonian Perspective EssayGreene (1991) described Eriksonian perspective on military individualnel amazement from the idea of epigenesis, in which each developmental percent senesce point depends upon the dissolvent and completion of the precedent unitary. This idea proposed that anything that growth has a concrete map, from which it is understood that each face has its time of passing. The Greenes verbal description advocates that human development is biopsychosocial and it is present throughout the human purport. It is drive by a biologically stria plan with the social individuation element being conditi angiotensin-converting enzymed by a social factor. Erikson argued that the human egotism strives to improvement that is toward mastery of its milieu. and so personal effectiveness being promoted by the social organization becomes the driven mechanism behind the furtherance of each stage. Erikson derived eight developmental stages with each the pitcome of the resolution serving as the first step toward the next progressively superior stage (Greene, 1991). Although each and different culture resolves the queer requirements for the development differently, such progression is said to be universal in all cultures and human organizations.Thus we can observe a common denominator that tally to Erikson (Greene, 1991) is a biological program toward improvement. Baltes, Lindenberger Staudinge (1999) supported Greenes fool provided attempted to view the stages of development from the practical perspective. They saw the personalitys progression through the invigoration stages as adaptive mechanism formed and guided with the needs and pressures of the environment. In new(prenominal) words, they inclined more(prenominal)(prenominal) to the point of view in which the environment rather than biology was the major fake in the human development.Based on this assumption, the authors suggested to view at lifespan psychology from the individuals standpoint suggesting that two different people would develop differently even under hardly the alike(p) environmental stimuli. Ontogenesis or the study of individual development (Baltes et al. , 1999) appears to be more practical and functional. It considers the individuals concern of acquisition, primary(prenominal)tenance, transformation, and attrition (Baltes et al. , 1999) adaptive processes throughout the lifespan.However, such Westernized nonion is non eagerly divided by some researchers (Coughlan Welsh-Breetzke, 2002). They, in particular, suggested that Eriksonian perspective is male-dominated and was presented in the Westernized context thus making individualized and masculianized human development as the blanket for the supposition. According to them, such propagation of individuality, competition, self-interest, comparative judgment, and value imperialism devalues other life systems and steps away from the diversified views of human development.As Erikson argued (Greene, 1991) the childs personality is first touch on by the mother and then transformed through the developmental stages within and by dispirited groups, macroscopic groups, organizations, governments, religions, and the mankind at large. The child in infancy was thought to obey privileged laws of development the inner drives that lead the child toward realization of the full potential through interaction with the environment.Such interaction with the environment causes inner restructuring of personality traits, which, through integration and synthesis, leads toward the full and complete realization of that particular stage. From Greenes practise (1991) we learn that stage 1 which is called Basic Trust Versus basic Mistrust lasts through two old age of age and involves the establishment of trust by the infant toward the members of the family. The intimately illustrative of such can be little Michelle, the character from the Full dramatic art.Her interactions constantly b ring the development of new personality that can be characterized by newly developed psychosocial strength (i. e. higher degree of confidence in her communications). The second stage, familiarity Versus Shame is characterized with developing of self-control and not loosing the face in the process. Such emphasis on self-pride is important because the children of this age easily become shamed and can develop psychosocial replications of holding on and allow go (Christiansen Palkovitz,1998).The successful resolution of this stage unmixeds in the childs ability to become more independent, with some gender differences. For example (Christiansen Palkovitz, 1998) argued that male infants on his stage of development are more individual than their female counterparts. Coming back to Full House characters, we indeed, check up on that the little Michelle (once she became a little older) tends to run toward her sisters and continuously seeking their approval. The child on the stage th ree, Initiative Versus Guilt, develops the nose out of purpose, especially noticeable during the playtime.The sense of purpose drives the child toward the active exploration of the environment and according to Erikson (Greene, 1991) brings her to the discovery of the lack of a penis. opposed to the Freud, Erikson believed that such and inevitable (in some societies) discovery of inequity is driven more so socially than biologically (Greene, 1991). The successful resolution of this stage is uninhibited involvement in play with other playmates. The children on the stage four, Industry Versus Inferiority, set-back school.This is a major transition in their lives and involved changing of perspective from the small family-based group to the larger social groups. According to Eriksonian perspective, the main drive for children on this stage is to become industrial which involves developing skills and competence through meaningful performances. The crisis on this stage may occur when th e childs self-efficacy is undermined. Learning collaborative skills and experiences can be critical at this stage of development. Stacy in Full House was lots intimidated by collaborative involvement trying to achieve the performance of tasks independently.Her father and uncles often taught her that learning how to collaborate and contri alonee would make things easier and more effective. Almost each episode suggested how Stacy (and her sisters) put a lot of effort toward performing any task. The child experiencing successes at creating and producing some value together with his or her peers (or parents) is critical toward the stage resolution (Greene, 1991). From the age of 12 through 22, the adolescent experiences Identity Versus Identity Confusion. This is the stage when adolescent develops into the young adult and is seeking personal and unique identity.The stability of self-representation is crucial and is manifested in the trust to develop autonomy from parents, individualit y of opinions, acceptance of his or her sexual preferences, and commitment to the compassionateer choices. The struggling with the issue of selfness often causes to name such stage as the most difficult. During the stage, the influence of peer groups become most consuming and niduses of interaction. The ability to sustain loyalties is the desired outcome of the resolution for this stage.Either polarity we can see in characters of the movies like Girl Interrupted, Mean Girls, Even Stevens, and others. It is an uninterrupted parade of searched identities and strive for the independence in opinions and attitudes. When the young adult enters stage six (22 through 34) he or she enters Intimacy versus isolation. The focus of his or her life becomes developing of the meaningful relationships and seeking the intimacy experiences. This is the stage when most adults develop meaningful relationships to start a family.Becoming a loner and shutting down others is a crisis to compare to a resol ution of this stage. Many film accepts exhibit important characteristics of selfless love, on one side, and ruined families on other as picturesque illustration of this stages characteristics. One of the features that come to mind is Click, in which the main character is taught a lesson that commitment to family is more important than personal comfort. Even the legendary Casanova in the feature with the same name shows that final offering of commitment to start a family was an only choice.When a person advances in years and through the stages of development on to the stage 7, Generativity Versus Stagnation, he or se is have-to doe with with find outing and guiding the next generation. The proficiency of this stage is usually takes in an ability of taking care of others (Christiansen Palkovitz,1998). The crisis may result when the person feels stagnated without being able to share personal expertise to others, especially the younger generation. This is tremendously visible in F ull House as the father of the girls is trying his best to teach and guide his children.He is visibly content and happy when his instructions and guidance are accepted. The final stage, outset at about 60 deals with Integrity Versus Despair. This is when the person is concerned of personal usefulness to others during his or her lifetime. As Greene wrote in his book, Integrity is achieved by individuals who have few regrets, who have lived productive lives, and who cope as puff up with their failures as they do with their successes. there is an appreciation of the life as the whole and a content of the life well lived.People with full resolution of this stage are not afraid of death, thus develop what we call acquaintance. The feature Bicentennial Man shows that quite vividly. The android becoming a human develops wisdom through the personal choice of growing old and dying in the course of the old age, although as android he could live forever. In conclusion, it is worth noticing that despite the fact that the study examines the idea of epigenesis, one can find that the transition from one developmental stage to another is not always littlely predetermined by age.For example, fro Eriksons argument, each stage has a certain age limit. However, we are certain that not everyone fits exactly in to such age limitation and depending upon the unique characteristics of personality, micro-culture (i. e. family), group culture (i. e. school), and macro-culture (i. e. government) the age boundaries for each stage might be different. The idea that everything that growth has a concrete map from which it is understood that each stage has a certain time of passing has been observed empirically on umpteen living species.However, we cannot claim that each species has exactly the same time passing for each stage of growth. There leave be some differentiation. In such, experimental results that examine the life cycle of one species will weaken the above-discussed theory d ue to the fact that it is very difficult if not impossible to determine the exact age boundaries between the developmental stages from one representative of the species to another. My personal opinion lies in parallel with this conclusion. observe my own developing in contrast with Eriksonian perspective, I find that stage four, for example, and in my case, extended ahead age six and way aft(prenominal) age 12. My stage five began at age 14 rather than according to Eriksons perspective, age 12. Many a time, the stage six begin after the age of 24 (not 22) and continues through early 40s (at least with my acquaintances). Thus, the exact map of stage development is not so exact, after all, and depends upon numerous factors I already have mentioned. Penuel (1995) in his article put the focus on identity formation.According to him, although this research primarily was based on Eriksonian perspective, there is a return notion that each and single individual develops his or her identit y not necessarily in conformity with concrete time schedule of Eriksons stages of development. Penuel made a point that despite the fact that Vygotsky offered supposititious foundation of identity formation, the precise guidelines behind sociocultural influence on identity were not set. Penuel urged not to replace Vigotskys view on the identity development by Eriksons theory but to integrate both.Thus, the main study point in Penvues article would be strong but not mechanistic influence of sociocultural processes on the identity formation. The discussion presented in this work modify my ideas that the development of an identity is more walk outed by external factors, like micro-culture, group-culture, and macro-culture and is not always follows the uncompromising age-set boundaries. Observing my own and my friends identity formation support this notion. Stevenson-Hinde (1994) looked at human development from the different perspective.It is more systemic as in the behaviors are interconnected within the specific system, and in thus if one component is affected others are affected as well. Such perspective deviates even more from he straightforward Eriksons theory. It is not anymore the stage development but the systemic organization of behaviors, according to Stevenson-Hinde. This study weakens the theory and my idea about the identity formation. Although and without argument some behaviors are interrelated, this fact is not necessarily the cause of identity formulation.The effect comes from the external environment thus the sociocultural characteristics affect the identity development more than the resulting set of behaviors. This conclusion s supported by self-observation. Examining my own interrelated behaviors I clearly see that those are the effect not the cause of the environmental influences. Thus environmental influences affect my behaviors that in turn help in identity formation. Horst (1995) argued with the general notion that the Eriksons persp ective did not consider accurate depiction of development through the lenses of gender.According to her claim, contrary would be more accurate. metrical study of Eriksons stages of development does consider the gender identity in which gender is relational to components of identity formation. The point of her article is thus, to consider that the gender has an influence on identity formation. This study strengthens my views on the theory in its notion of the gender influence. Certainly, male and female would not develop equally and would not manifest the same identity formation. The differential depends upon their own perspective of self as either male or female.Even more so, how their external environment views them on the gender scale from less feminine to more feminine and from less muscular to more muscular. Thus, their identity is formed not only from the point of view of being a human but also being a male and female and its specific location on the gender scale. My personal observations support this viewpoint. External attitudes, first from my immediate family and then from my friends) confirm and helped me develop my identity IQ and specifically my gender identity IQ.

Dumas’ The Count of Monte Cristo Essay Example for Free

Dumas The Count of four-card monte Cristo EssayAlexander Dumas The Count of monte Cristo is founded upon historical scourts and political intrigue. He not only uses historical facts to help the contri al championor understand, he in give care human beingsner weaves such(prenominal) details into the story to stupefy it possible for his reader to have an understanding of the current change surfacets that were winning place in France, during that duration (from approx. 1815 through 1838). Dumas would want his readers to be familiar with French history, and to have it in their mind as they read his beloved tale. In the 1800s Marseilles was sensation of the largest ports in the south of France with a population between 93,000 and 110,000, thus trade flourished and it was home to some(prenominal) merchants, and businesses (Marseilles). This is where our story of revenge begins. Marseilles was the homet consume of Edmond who we meet as a nave sailor who is later to become confined as a political criminal, and altered for life. Marseilles was also the home to both Edmonds paternity who dies of starve soon after his son was impris iodined, and Edmonds beautiful, and noble fianc Mercedes who was a poor, Catalan. After Dantes imprisonment Mercedes cared for his father until he passed. She wooly faith of Dantes ever being released from prison and back by her side, there for she felt she had no extract further to marry Fernand Mondego when he asked for her hand in marriage. Fernand Mondego was the jealous fisherman who also betrayed Dantes because he also was in love with Mercedes.Mondego saw, and seized the hazard to thwart their love for one another. Military success brought Mondego a fortune, which kicked him to revision his name to Count de Morcef, making Mercedes the Countess. The Morrel family (the take iners of the ship, Pharaon), were also residents of Marseilles. Mr. Morrel felt a striking deal of compassion for Dantes family which comp elled him to not only invest with great driving, his time and money in an hear to keep Dantes from an un-warranted life in prison precisely, he also paid for Dantes fathers burial. The cards were stacked against Dantes, and even with the service of M. Morrel, his future was written. Once Edmond escaped from prison he visited M. Morrel who was in the depths of despair, and contemplating scenes of suicide because he could no presbyopic-run support him self financially.Dantes seeing him as a righteous man who had erst fleck gone to great lengths, and knowing the efforts taken by Morrel in attempt to save him from prison, Dantes felt compelled, and anonymously made a financial contribution to Morrel, which, saved him from ruin. While Dantes never revealed himself as the contributor Morrel suspected that it was he, and on his deathbed Morrel explains to his family that he believes that their finical savior was indeed Edmond Dantes. The prosecutor of Marseilles, who was crowning( prenominal)ly responsible for Dantes incarceration, was Monsieur de Vellefort. Velleforts father was a cognise Bonapartist. Vellefort who disagreed with his fathers stance, and as the prosecutor decidedly took an extremely harsh stance on his indemnity in dealing with Bonapartist conspirators. Vellefort sought to protect his own name by placing Edmond in prison as a political conspirator because he knew, and feared the letter Dantes carried could be traced back to his (Velleforts) father so, he use his power in a misguided manor to which he would later suffer at the custody of Dantes.Danglars was a man driven by non-other than jealousy who also lived in Marseilles at the time. He detest that Dantes had been advanced to Captain of the Pharaon instead of him, and sought out a plot in which Dantes could be caught with the letter to tarnish his name, leaving Danglars the only choice to fill his role as captain. After Edmonds imprisonment Danglars indeed became the captain and eventu ally graduated his part to a banker. As a banker he was adequate to fuck cancelled an incredible fortune where he then became a Baron. In the end Monte Cristo destroyed Danglars by destroying his fortune. Dumas purposely created for each one of these types to have beginning in a position of poverty, exhibit us how they were either villainous in their rise to fortune, and would ultimately be ruined by Dantesrevenge.Or, Dumas showed the character to be virtuous with their fortune, and power eventually to be saved, or spared by our protagonist. He also showed us these characters progression from the bottom of the socio economical bodily structure, eventually prospering into wealth, their bye showing us, the reader there were no misgivings of erst piece of music(a) money or new during these times in France. Each of these characters rose in the echelons, and were afforded the ability to acquire a title and were able re-create themselves at bottom society in a manner to which the y deemed worthful of their amassed fortunes. This ability for one to somewhat procure a title gives us a great sentience of the changes that were taking place during that time, it was no longer about being of royal blood that gave you credibility, or worthiness, but about how hard one ciphered to further themselves and gain their fortune.In the opening scenes of the story Danglars, who is the ships supercargo reports to the ships owner once they docked in Marseilles, that Edmond, acting on what was the last dying wish of his captain, had stopped at the island of Elba to retrieve a letter that was addressed to Noirtier (Dumas 5). In fulfilling his captains last dyeing wish, Edmonds unknowingly retrieved a letter from snooze personally, making it appear as though he was conspiring with the then exiled Napolean, and that he himself was a Bonapartist. forty winks had been a soldier and then went on to become Emperor of France in the early 1800s. It was after the French rotary moti on that catnap was elected First consul of France. Napoleon made many great changes for his country. He brought much inevitable structure back to France.He began by implementing better education, paying off Frances debt, and changing the structure of his army. He allowed not only the affluent to rise within the ranks, but affording the impoverished the same opportunity of growth within the ranks as they proved their worth, and showcased their talents. Napoleans army was no longer based upon economic stature, but one that afforded an equal playing field to every man (as long as they were anglo). Napoleon also applied this same thought process into the civilian realm of France as thoroughly. In an attempt to expand Frances territory he invaded Russia. This invasion turned out to be one of Napoleons greatest defeats. During this great siege Napoleon was out maneuvered by Russias Alexander I, this resulted in a defeat, and a loss of almost 500,000 French troops.Soon after he stepped down as consul and was banished to the island of Elba. During this time, there were citizens who still loved and supported what he had done for France these people were considered to be Bonapartists. There were also members of the French nobility (and much of Europes) who despised Napoleon, they wanted nothing to a greater extent than to see him withdraw they called themselves royalists. Dumas wanted this weakly defined so the reader would see the internal power fight down between Bonapartist and Royalists.One of these royalists was a man named Villefort. He happened to be the prosecutor Edmonds faced in Marseilles. Villefort knew full soundly that Edmond was an innocent man, and not a Bonapartist, but made a calculated decision to protect his own ambitions, because it was his (Villeforts) fathers name that was mentioned in the letter that Edmonds had carried back from Napoleon. His father was a known Bonapartist, so in an effort to show support to the royalists, and put a damp er on the Bonapartist efforts, Villefort secretly sentenced Edmond to the political prison of Chateau dif.Dantes was thrown into Chateau d if, and forgotten for fourteen years. During the first few years of his imprisonment Dantes father died of starvation, and Mercedes espouse Fernand both of which he is only unaware of. As time passed he became more and more delusional, and even began to contemplate suicide. All the while, his former employer Morrel made efforts to locate Dontes in an attempt to try to have him released, but was unable to find his location. The Chateau dif, where our fictional character Dantes was imprisoned, was in fact an actual prison fortress. It was create by the French King Francis I in 1524 on an island in the bay approximately one mile off the coast of Marseille (Chateau dif). Its was originally de sign and was int stop to be a defense mechanism against would be attackers of Marseille, but soon became the home to, 3,500 Huguenots (French Protestants) wh o earned their keep as ships galley slaves(Marseille-Provence).This rocky, beach front setting is where Edmond Dantes was doomed to carry out his un occasionable sentence, and spent fourteen long years of his life just a stone throw away from Marseille, yet no one could locate him. Many of the chateaus actual guests seem to have had the common theme of being unwarranted prisoners. It was not unusual during the time for individuals to be imprisoned without trial under so-called lettres de cachet, supposedly signed by the King, for minor misdemeanors (a popular ploy used by moneyed families to get rid of restless offspring without causing a public scandal)(Marseille-Provence). Funnily enough, one of Napoleons Civil Codes warranted it legal for a father to imprison a child for up to 1 month. Many of the Chateaus inhabitants were lost in the shuffle, and locked up for as long as the family desired. This island for misfits, and unwanted relatives is also the location where Dantes befr iends Abbe Faria, who was also a political prisoner.The 2 prisoners meet when the Abbe was attempting to tunnel his way to immunity however, a miscalculation brought him directly into Dantes cell, instead of out to the freedom he had desired. The two newly found friends spent the next few years passing their time. Abbe devote himself to the task of educating Dantes in science, literature languages. He also helps Dantes figure out whom it was that played key parts, and were ultimate responsibility lie for his incarceration. At some point Abbe began to think of Dantes as the son he never had, and confided in Dantes the location to the hidden fortune. Together the two began planning their daring escape, knowing all the while that any escape plan would be difficult, if not impossible due to the fact that the prison is completely surrounded by water, and much of the island had vertical cliff walls that would raise the likelihood of injury if not death, while escaping. Fortunately for the pair, they had nothing but time.During this era in France, prisoners with wealth and title (like the Abbe) could request certain items to make their stay a bit more comfortable. The Abbe used this to their advantage, and was able to order some tools and trinkets for his cell. The same reason Abbe was able to order trinkets is the reason Edmond had none he was penniless, and unable to purchase items. This was also quite fact mood of the times if you were higher up in society, you were able to purchase more benefits in prison, as well as in life. The Abbe died before the two were able to act out their escape plan. Thinking readily on his feet, Dantes was able to replace his own body in the Abbes body bag, solidifying his own escape.The hopes Dantes held onto, and that drove him to be victorious in his escape were gone. When he did finally gain his freedom he was faced with the fact that his loved ones were either dead, or had moved on, and it was no longer a porta to be a part of their life, or the one that he had left behind. He was a man who must decide what it was he was going to become, and do with the life that he regained. During this time it is made clear that Dantes was struggling with his purpose in life, and felt lost. It was said that he felt, that he belongs to no country, no land, even to the point where he feels more at ease while on the ocean (DAmmassa). While contemplating what he was to become and what to do with his life, now that he was a free man Dantes spent some time onboard a ship as a smuggler in the Mediterranean. Where he could confront his feelings, and decide what is was he wanted to do.During one such smuggling trip Dantes had the opportunity to go to the Island of Monte Cristo where he resigned his position a smuggler and proceeded to find the treasure Abbe entrusted him with. The Island of Monte Cristo is indeed an actual island. It is located in the Archipelago Toscano subject field Park but, is not accessible to people an d is now an animal refuge (Montercristo Island). It is presumed that Dumas had visited this remote island in 1842 and thought it perfect for the use as the setting in one of his novels however, the actual island bears little resemblance to the one portrayed in his tale. In the story Edmond finds the treasure that Abbe Faria entrusted to him, on this island. The resources from the treasure will eventually allow him the opportunity to manifest himself into a count, and begin his ascent into righting the wrongs done unto him.Once his visit to the island of Monte Cristo has ended he proceeds to Rome where he stays for a while rejuvenating himself in upscale hotels, and taking beautiful women to the opera. During his stay there Dantes met Valentine, Villeforts daughter this act strikes a chord deep within Dantes and spurs his retribution into action. Dantes also meets Albert de Morcerf in Rome, where he aides in Alberts release from kidnappers. To return this life economic system favor Dantes asks Albert to familiarize him with the Parisian aristocrats. For those of us with an appetite for a great revenge novel, this is where you can feel the plot begin to thicken, and Dumas has you flipping through the pages. With Albert as his guide, Dantes makes his way to Paris where the intrigue intensifies as Dantes began to pick off his prey one by one.During the time when Dumas tail was released, Paris was the metropolitan center of France, 600,000 people lived there. It was the mecca for European culture, and sciences, and also where many of Dumas readers would have been located making Paris an obvious choice to set such a tale the sale of his writings to readers in the city were booming. Paris was left in butchery until Napoleon became first consul. At which time he began to re-model the city, giving it qualities you might have seen in a more up to date Rome.He added sewers, sidewalks bridges, and wharves. These additions not only brought about a better economy, but bet ter living conditions for many. This city full of Parisian culture was also where the Villefort, the Morcerf, and the Danglars families had all settled. These families migrated to Paris, and with their newly acquired wealth began lavishing them selves in a life of luxury. Once in Paris, and with help the Count finds his way into the midst of each of the families, becoming a most welcome guest. It is from this calculated position that Dantes is able to initiate his plan and ultimately unravel the successes, and happiness of each of the men who had at one time or another plan against him.Dumas, was able to give his reader an understanding of the setting in The Count of Monte Cristo with ease, he merely embellished upon of the historical occasions that were taking place before his eyes. Dumas expertly tied together the political struggle between Napoleon and the Royalists. By expounding upon well-known, and heavily populated cities such as Marseille, he was able to bestow a bit of hi story, and expand his readers minds, while also adventuring with them to isolated, dangerous places like the Chateau dif or even Monte Cristo Island. He solidifies the intrigue, danger, and of course revenge in his literary work of art, which is sure to continue to captivate readers for many generations to come.Works CitedChateau dIf. Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online.Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 21 Nov. 2012This article describes Chateau dif the slender Mediterranean island off the port of Marseille. Ihope to be able to give a more accurate development of the scene where Dumas maincharacter spent a great portion time. This article came from the Encyclopedia Britannicaonline.DAmmassa, Don. The Count of Monte Cristo. Encyclopedia of Adventure Fiction. New YorkFacts On File, Inc., 2008. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. 15

Project management success factors Essay Example for Free

witness precaution achiever factors EssayHo use is the specificed thin in global urbanization which shoot a tremendous impact on the purlieu both during twist and through come to the fore their. As the key element in urban ontogenesis, trapping plays a vital role in attaining the finis of sustainable study. Effective of stand worry is becoming increasingly meaning(a) for sustainable accommodate to retain competitive in at presents dynamic business milieu. This paper attempt to establish a theoretical frame field for jump forethought winner factors in sustainable caparison development.Review on past literature on the subject were carried out to build the existing research works on the bea and to establish decisive advantage factors of labor movement counselling ruff practices. At the end of this paper, a in the altogether bea of managing sustainable living accommodations for future direction of this research was identified. A list of sarcastic c onquest factors for expulsion management practices for sustainable accommodate development was established.Keywords sustainable Ho using, sustainable Development sick anxiety, Critical advantage Factors.1.0 INTRODUCTION accommodate, as kind-hearted basic need, is a very important issue of peoples everyday life. In 1948, the United Nations, in its Universal Declaration of Human Rights, decl argond that everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family including food, clothing, housing and medical caution and necessary affectionate services . Housingprovision is one of the major ch eitherenges facing evolution countries. below the seventh Malaysia Plan (1999-2000) and Eight Malaysia Plan (2001-2005), Malaysian goernments atomic number 18 committed to run adequate, affordable and property housing for allMalaysian, particularly the low income group. This is in line with Istanbul Declaration on Human coloniz ation and Habitat Agenda (1996) to ensure adequate shelter for all.In order to be sustainable, housing initiatives essential be economically viable, socially acceptable, technically feasible and environmentally compatible (Choguill, 2007). In the other hand, housing encompasses the immediate environment, sanitation, drainage, recreational facilities, and all other economic and social activities that make life worthwhile (Olejado, 2003).The adult male Commission on surroundings and Development (WCED, 1987) report, Our prevalent Future has led to a world-wide nonion of the plan of sustainable development (Meldon, 1998). However, it has been argued that the history of the concept of sustainability derriere be traced tooshie to the terms stationery or steady state economy employ by the nineteenth century political economist (European Environment agency, 1997). Today there atomic number 18 over 300 published definitions of sustainable development, the products of dissimilar w orld views and competing vested interests (Moles and Kelly, 2000). Fundamentally, sustainable development addresses three major worldsI. People living today are entitled to justice and rival rights II. environmental degeneration must be alleviated or eliminated and III. Future generations must non be impoverished as a result of current actions (Redclift,1987).Our Common Future explores how sustainable development is not a fixed state of harmony but rather a process of change in which the exploitation of choices, the orientation of technological development, and institutional change are made consistent with future as well as present needs (Moles and Kelly, 2000). In other words, (WCED, 1987, 8) its cookd as developmentwhich meets the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.The Commission not alone observed that environmental problems need to be addressed, but also socials problem, such as inequity, property, non-prosperi ty and the violation of homophile rights, that are related to explosive population developing and the enormous expansion of environmental harms caused by human activities. According to the Commission, solving these problems requires global economic growth whilst respecting ecological constraints (Klunder, 2004). Other studies, (Ding, 2008) defined sustainable development is as a concern of attitudes and judgment to help insure long-term ecological, social and economic growth in society.While the term of sustainable development is well known and widely used, there is no common understanding and approach for it. The perception of sustainability especially when it comes to what needs is regarded as important varies much by different nation and even different people with different points in time, economic, social and cultural backgrounds (Zinkernagel, 2001). The detail of what comprises sustainable development is very context specific and the same condition and practice cannot apply everywhere. There frontwards, sustainability has its diverse implications in every corner of the world and in every sector of a society (Bell and Morse, 2003).For construction sector, the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial proviso and the Environment (1990) explains sustainable as directed towards the reduction of the environmental and health impacts consequent to construction, mental synthesiss and the built environment. Such construction processes would bring environmental responsibility, social awareness, and economic profitability objectives to the fore in built environment related realizes (Langston and Ding, 2001).There are various definitions of sustainable housing The European Union defined sustainable housing in the following perspective construction (e.g. Quality of construction), social and economic factors (e.g. Affordability and psychological impacts) and ecoefficiency (e.g. Efficient use of non-renewable resources) (VROM, 2005).Previously, IHBC (1998) definitionspre sent the general factor of a sustainable housing practice that is applicable under various circumstances, depending on the conditions where its implemented (Larasati, 2006). Basically, all these definitions were carry out the idea of Principle 15 of the Declaration of the United Nations concourse on The Human Environment Planning must be applied to human settlements and urbanization with a view to avoiding adverse effects on the environment and obtaining maximum social, economic and environmental benefits for all (UNEP, 1972).A sustainable house is cost-efficient over time, comfortable, shoddy to maintain and complements our unique environment (Queensland Government, 2004). Sustainable Housing is a new concept in developing countries and unearthing objectifys covering all aspects of sustainability proved to be difficult (Ebsen, 2000). For housing that make up a great proportion of building, sustainable housing could be defined as housing practices, which strive for constituent( a) quality (including economic, social, and environmental writ of execution) in a broad way (John, Croome Jeronimidis, 2005).The focus on sustainable housing implies a perspective of flows (Klunder, 2004). From this viewpoint, a sustainablehousing is characterized by the minimization of the environmental impacts of genuine use, efficiency consumption and water consumption during the whole service life of the building.2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENTMalaysia is a developing country heading towards industrialization. The growths of industries bid rapid housing expansion due to the high demand from the customer. A good housing area has to fulfill the health aspect from the building, drainage, clean water supply, domestic mishandle management and suitable ventilation. The quality of housing and its social, economic and environmental performance is critically important to sustainable development. However, the lacks of practices of exteriorize winner factors in housing development activities m ay often bring slightly water, air and land pollutions thus affect the natural environment, health and quality oflife.These issues are often raised today as problems of uncontrolled development of housing growth as concern for the environment is not cerebrateed. With this concern in mind, housing and other social services become priority in todays development programmes which aimed at change the quality of life and contributing towards the formation of a compassionate society. However, the issue of sustainable housing are still new and not that familiar in our country. With referring back the house being built in the past decade, those houses were not meeting the essential criteria of sustainability and unfortunately, there are little to none in depth studies for this matter.Although the homes that create may look good and be cheap to build, they are poor value if they weather poorly, incur high energy and other running costs, are expensive to maintain and cannot adapt to cha nges in use. According to Maylor (1999) those organizations that are most resourceful in desire out best practices and making those aspects work for them will be the most successful.Although project management has proved its success in many construction projects, there is however well-nigh problems associated with the manner in which the brass has been selected and/or implemented ( zero(prenominal)m S. et al., 2004). Here, critical factors of successful project management were establish to develop a new area of managing sustainable housing for further studies of this research to ensure its potential for future sustainability.2.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONSestablish on the problems stated above, two main questions are formed as below 1) What are the critical factors that are required for the successful death penalty of sustainable housing practices?2) What are the critical factors project management best practices in sustainable housing development?2.2 OBJECTIVESThere are two objectives f or this paper1) To detect factor that are required for the successful implementation ofsustainable housing practice.2) To establish the success factors that determines the best practices for project management in sustainable housing.3) To establish guideline for project management best practices for sustainable housing.3.0 FACTORS EFFECTING PROJECT achiever noneadays, companies are increasingly using projects in their daily work to achieve high society ends. The only way organizations can be driven to achieve excellence is by keeping an middle on competition and world best practice in all aspects of the business (Bendell et. all, 1998). Recently to a greater close and more organizations are recognizing that translating corporate strategies into actions requires project management. Consequently, it is vital that projects are successful (Baccarini, 2003). Critical success factors are important influences that contribute to project success. So, critical success factors are the se t of circumstances, facts or influences which contribute to the project outcomes.According to Mobey and Parker (2002), to increase the chances of a project succeeding it is necessary for the organisation to have an understanding of what are the success factors, to systematically and quantitatively assess these factors, anticipating possible causes and effects, and then choose appropriate methods of dealing with them. erst identified, the success of the project can be achieved.Generally, the success of a construction project depends on a number of factors, such as project complexity, contractual arrangements, and relationships between project participants, the competency of project managers, and the abilities of key project members (Chua et al., 1999). Bayliss, (2002) in his report said that successful project delivery requires the concerted effort of the project team to carry out the various project activities, but it is the project manager who, at the summation of the project net work, is responsible for orchestrating the whole construction process. Possessing the core project management competence would helpto define the ability of project managers to deliver good performance towards the attainment of project success.The search for factors that influence project success has been growing interest over the past decade. Among researchers that have tried to a certain extent to identify success factors for project management are Pinto and Slevin (1987,1989), Cooke-Davis (2002), Muller and Turner (2003), Belassi and Tukel (1996) and etc. Success factors are those input to the project management system that lead directly or indirectly to the success of the project or business.Belassi and Tukel, 1996, categorized success factors into four main group. These are factors relating to the project, project managers, organization, and external environment. Others researcher, Chan et al., 2002 identify a set of project success factors project team commitment, contractors c ompetencies, risk and liability assessment, lymph nodes competencies, end-users needs and constraints imposed by end user.As referred to the ten critical success factors authentic by Pinto and Slevin (1986), Pinto and Mantel (1990) conjure up that these critical success factors were found to be generalisable to a wide mix of project types and organizations. Their model is one of the most widely quoted lists of critical success factors (Muller and Turner, 2007). However a wizard set of project success factors may not be suitable for all industries (Lim et al, 1999 Hartman et al, 1996). Liu and Walker 1998 suggest that as industries operate differently, a set of critical success factors may not be moveable from one project to another projectonly generic areas can be identified and used as broad guidelines.A comprehensive check out of the literature research on success factors of project management was conducted. Table 1 gives lists of the critical success factors developed in t he various literatures. Several researchers have identified the factors that significantly determine project management success. Based on the frequency analysis, the critical success factors are prioritised as shown in Table 2.Table 1. Summary of literature reviews from various authors for project success AuthorsPinto Critical Success FactorsBelassi Cooke-Baccarini Andersen Hyvari Turner KhangSlevinDavies(1999,et al.,Muller(2002)2003)(2006)(2005,07)Moe(1987,89) Tukel(2006)(1996)(2008) give intellectTop Management bet onInformation/CommunicationClient Involvement able stick out aggroupAuthority of the ProjectManager/LeaderRealistic Cost and TimeEstimatesAdequate Project statementPlanning/ incorporatelingProject mission /commongoalProject Ownershipfeedbackor verifiable basis.Table 2 Prioritisation of CSFsCritical Success FactorsPrioritisedOccurrenceNo.Frequency ofRank1Competent Project Team812Authority of the Project Manager/Leader623Project Understanding534Top Management stake 53Remark critical success factors that is determined by the authors either on a conceptualSr.Monitor performance andAdequate Resources fortune ManagementProblem Solving Abilities5Client Involvement536Project mission /common goal537Adequate Resources448Realistic Cost and Time Estimates449Information/Communication4410Project Ownership3511Monitor performance and feedback3512Planning/ dogmatic3513Risk Management3514Adequate Project Control2615Problem Solving Abilities26The frequency analysis in Tables 1 and 2 revealed that there are only one critical success factors in all frameworks in common which is competent project team. The analysis also showed that authority of the project manager/ attractor is prioritised in rank 2. The analysis further revealed that 5 out of the 8 frameworks have four critical success factors in common Project Understanding, Top Management Support, Client Involvement and Project bang/common goal. The Adequate Resources, Realistic Cost and Time Estimates and information/Communication success factors have their front line in forth frameworks respectively.The other critical success factors (namely, Project ownership, Monitor performance and feedback, Planning/Controlling and Risk Management) are presented in very few frameworks (Table 1 and 2). Meanwhile, the other two factors were not commonly found in the literature which is adequate projectcontrol and problem solving abilities.4.0 FACTORS OF PROJECT SUCCESS FOR SUSTAINABLE HOUSINGThe subject of project management is vast and numerous authors continuously add to the bole of literature on the subject. According to the Project Management Institute (2004), the discipline of project management can be defined as followsProject management is the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of electron orbit, cost, time, quality and participation satisfaction.Projec t management best practices may be described as optimum way of performing work to achieve high performance (Ramabadron et all., 1997). According to Dey (2002), current project management practices of organizations in the industry sector do not always ensure success. The main problems with projects planning and implementation have been cost and time overruns and quality non-achievement. Dey (2002) stated that the main contributing factors are Expansion of the scope and subsequent quality increases of input resources applied science and design changes Underestimation and incorrect estimation and Unforeseen ostentation Project size and complexity and etc.Dey, (2002) illustrates projects management growing popularity has stimulated interest in how companies oppose in their application of project management process, tools and techniques. Successful project management can contribute towards project success but is unlikely to be able to prevent project failure (de Wit, 1988).The variou s variables affecting the success factors are identified in theprevious section. There are Project Understanding, Top Management, Support Communication, Client Involvement, Competent Project Team, Authority of Top Level, Realistic Cost and Time Estimates, Adequate Project Control, Problem Solving Abilities, Risk Management, Adequate Resources, Planning/Controlling, Monitor performance and feedback, Project mission /Common goal, and Project Ownership. Furthermore, a new conceptual framework that includes the indentified variables of project success is shown in Fig. 1. Its show that variables project success can influence a variable of criteria measuring sustainable housing.Figure 1 mannikin of Project Management Success Factors in Sustainable Housing.Project ManagementSuccess FactorCriteria measureSustainable HousingCompetent Project TeamAuthority of the ProjectManager/LeaderProject UnderstandingTop Management SupportClient InvolvementProject mission /common goalAdequate ResourcesRe alistic Cost and TimeEstimatesInformation/CommunicationProject OwnershipMonitor performance andfeedbackPlanning/ControllingRisk ManagementAdequate Project ControlProblem Solving Abilities pushing Efficiency Use of Materials Water Efficiency Disposal Site Issues Green Traffic Outdoor environment andIndoor environmentProject Management Success Factors in Sustainable Housing Economically are cost-efficient over the lifespan of the dwelling environmental/Ecology are resource efficient in terms of materials, waste, water and energy Social/Community are safe, flexible and comfortable for people with varying abilities* Critical success factor of project management were establish to come out the best practices in new area in Sustainable Housing.An extensive literature survey on sustainable housing also has been carried out to select criteria measurement frameworks for this study. The relevant literature has revealed that different researchers have adopted quasi(prenominal) sustainabil ity criterias framework that consider on three basic themes of the sustainable construction social, environmental, and economic. Below, there are a few literatures findings in term of criteria of measuring sustainable housing1. Winston (2007) have carried out some important characteristics of sustainable housing include sustainable land-use planning resisting scattered settlements housing close to fight and public transport higher residential densities sustainable construction high standards of energy efficiency in use of dwellings housing availability, affordabilityand quality access to green space, and a high quality residential environment. many a(prenominal) sustainable building indicator sets are derived from conceptual models (Winston and Pareja, 2008).2. Blaauw (1997), the following environmental theme are derived from a workbook for sustainable building and housing energy, Use of Materials, Water, Disposal, Site, Green, Traffic, Outdoor environment and Indoor environment. 3. Building Environmental lore Technology (B.E.S.T), formulated residential green building guidelines Emphasize the reduce, recycle, re-use, renewable use energy, water and resource efficiently healthy indoor air quality building has affordable community development creates a sense of well-being the home remains reasonably affordable and cost effective.4. (Bennett and James, 1999) Effective sustainability measurement should consider the complete triple bottom line of economic, environmental, and societal performance which isa) Social Sustainability Healthy internal environmentSafety (personal, househ elder and environmental)Provision of social amenityProvision of recreation amenityAccessibility to jobs and comfortsb) Economic Sustainability Cost efficient over timeAdaptability with min. costAffordabilityJob creations and local economyc) Environmental Sustainability Energy efficiencyWater efficiency/ConservationReduction of greenhouse gas emissionsWaste management / recyclingMater ial efficiencyPollution prevention noise, water, airOptimization conservation of land cheer and enhance biodiversityReduction of car dependency5. Green Building Manual from the US plane section of Energy (DOE) Public Technology, Inc. (PTI) include the following pointsSite Issues selection of building sites, landscaping, watershed, site materials and equipmentBuilding Design building systems (heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, electrical and plumbing systems) and indoor environmental qualityConstruction ProcessOperations Maintenancepolitical economy Environment energy and water efficiency, waste reduction, construction costs, building maintenance management savings.For the purpose of this research, eight-spot aspects of criteria sustainability that can be used to analyze sustainable housing , were derived from the six environmental themes that are differentiate The National Measures for Sustainable Building (Hendriks, 2001) Energy trim the demand for energy, promoting t he use of sustainable energy resources and using energy efficientlyMaterials more efficient use of materials, reducing waste and removing it responsiblyWater reducing water usage, preventing land drying up, and protecting water qualityIndoor Environment up(a) air quality, improving thermal comfort, and reducing noise levels.Surrounding Environment supporting bio-diversity, strengthening the perception of the environment (including maintaining old townscapes) and reducing nuisance (noise, wind, odor)Miscellaneous improving the flexibility of the home with regard to accommodating new functions and improving safetyIt is expected that study of project management best practices in the extent of project success could lead toward meeting criteria of sustainable housing. This approach in sustainable housing area will provide much needed information to local authorities to take more effective control of housing issues.5.0 CONCLUSIONThe implementation of success factors for project managemen t in sustainable housing is important in other to ensure project success. Apparently, the sustainable housing is one ofthe major contributors to the development of any country. Unfortunately, in our country Malaysia, the issue of sustainable housing development is still new and not yet the proactive action had been taken to develop the housing sector in sustainable way. Thus, this research is proposed to identify success factors for project management in sustainable housing area. At the end of this paper, a new area of managing sustainable housing for future direction of this research will identified.A list of critical success factors from various authors for project management success for sustainable housing development in Malaysia was established. Further work is needed to explore in more detail which factors are important and to understand how the factors interact with individually other in sustainable housing area.6.0 REFERENCESAndersen, E.S., Jessen, S.A. (2000), Project evalu ation scheme, Project Management, Vol. 6 No.1, pp.61-9.Baccarini D. (2003), Critical Success Factors for Projects. Faculty of The Built Environment, Art and Design Curtin University of Technology, Australia.Belassi W, Tukel OI (1996), A new framework for determining critical success/failure factors in projects. transnational Journal of Project Management. 14(3) 141-151. Bell, S and Morse, S (2003), Measuring Sustainability Learning from Doing. Earthscan London, UK.Bendell, T., Boulter, L. and Kelly, J. (1998), Benchmarking for rivalrous Advantage, Pitman, London.Bennett M., James P. (1999). Sustainable Measures Evaluation and Reporting of Environmental and Social Performance. Greenleaf, Sheffield, UK. Blaauw, drs. F.J. (1997), Werkboek Duurzaam Bouwen en Wonen. Alphen aan de Rijn Samsam HD Tjeenk Willink bv.Building Environmental learning Technology (B.E.S.T.). Green Buildinghttp//www.energybuilder.com/greenbld.htmtopChan, A.P.C., Scott, D. and Lam, E.W.M. (2002) Framework of Su ccess Criteria for Design/Build Projects. Journal of Management in Engineering Vol. 18 (3), pp. 122128. Choguill, C. L. (2007), The search for policies to support sustainable housing. Habitat International, pp 143-149.Chua DKH, Kog YC, Loh PK (1999), Critical success factors for different project objectives. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, pp. 142-150Cooke-Davis, T. (2002). The real success factors on projects,International Journal of Management, 20 (3), pp. 185-190de Wit, (1988), Measurement of project management success, International Journal of Project Management, Vol.6 (3), pp. 164-170.Dey, P.K. 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(2005), Sustainable building solutions a review of lessons from the natural world. Building and Environment, 40(3) 317-326. Khang D.B and Moe T.L, (2008). Success Criteria and Factors for International Development Projects A Life Cycle-based Framework, Project Management Journal, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 72-84.Klunder G. (2004), The Search for The Most Eco-efficient Strategies for Sustainab le Construction Dutch lessons, Journal of Housing and The Built Environment pp 111126. Langston, C. A. Ding, G. K. C. (2001) (Eds.), Sustainable practices in the built environment, Langston, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.Larasati D. (2006).Towards An Integral Approach Of Sustainable Housing In Indonesia With An Analysis Of Current Practices In Java. Delft University Of Technology The NetherlandsLim, C.S. and Mohamed, M.Z (1999), Criteria of project success an exploratory reexamination, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 243-8. Liu, A.M.M. and Walker A. (1998), Evaluation of project outcomes. Construction Management and Economics Vol. 16 No.2, pp. 209-219.Malaysian Government (1999), Seventh Malaysia Plan, Percetakan Nasional Berhad, Kuala Lumpur.Malaysian Government (2001), Eight Malaysia Plan, Percetakan Nasional Berhad, Kuala LumpurMylor H. (1999), Project Management, 2nd ed. London Financial Times. Meldon, J. (1998), Learning Sustainability by Doing regional Integration by the Social Partners, European Commission and the Department of Environment and Local Goverment, Dublin.Mobey A, Parker D (2002). Risk evaluation and its importance to project implementation. Int. J. Productivity and Performance Manage., 51(4) 202 208. Moles R. Kelly R., (2000), Towards Sustainable Development in The Mid-West Region of Ireland. Environmental Management and Health, Vol. 11 No.5 pp 422-432. Muller R, Turner JR (2003). On the nature of the project as a maverick organization. Int. J. Project Manage, 21(1) 1Muller R, Turner JR (2005). 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Sustainable Housing in the Urban Context International Sustainable Development Indicator Sets and Housing, Social Indicators Research Vol. 87 Issue 2, p211-221World Commission on Environment and Development (1987), Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Zinkernagel.R (2001), Indicators to measure sustainable development in urban residental areas. Thesis for the fulfillment of the Master of Science in Environmental Management and Policy. Lund U niversity Lund, Sweden.