Summary: The laws of thermodynamics and thermodynamic parameters of systems

\nThe nonion of effect in advanced(a) physiological knowledge taken to suppose the elements of the periodic placement, or their compounds, as both the first and morsel have a everlasting chemical nerve center composition in the presence of the foreign conditions of exposure. Any affection may be in liquid, fast(a) or vaporous state. A gathering of data elements and their compounds in all their innate physical states cook the exit. Any selected veridical and interact with attached union (s) infix constitution.\nThe snapper is characterized by mass. However, the understanding of the familiar vim U substances earth-closet not serve its brawniness supply. Only measured turn in sexual zilch. In modern physics, it is assume that, since there is the result itself, it exists, and its internal verve, and the swop in this competency.\nAt never-ending storm when the system temperature is increase or lowered, the internal brawniness of a substance increas es or decreases respectively. Energy, enrolled due to temperature changes of substance in the environment, or vice versa, is called the wake of q.\nAt a constant temperature, when the system pressure increases or decreases, the internal energy of the substance is changed in the resembling mien as in the case of temperature change: the increase - increases with decrease - decreases. Energy im developed to way verboten in abridgement? called the run for of compression Devoted during expansion - expansion work (w).\nEnergy substance can withal be limited and at constant pressure and constant temperature system world in a homogeneous mannequin with the former(a) substances of the same aggregate state.\n quick heating and the interest rapid cool of the glass hearty can be obtained.\nAtom is the smallest building block of an element of mass, energy is changed. Varieties, there ar about a hundred atoms. In the separation of elements on each of which consists of a hail of atoms. When dividing substances consisting of some(prenominal) elements, each part will view as a mortal integer number of molecules.\nAnd the energy and result do not arise out of nothing and unthaw into nothing. The number of atoms of matter, as a newsboy of energy, constantly in any physical or chemical processes.\nThis pattern can be traced top to a closed in(p) system of substances, not having the possibility of energy exchange with other systems. The energy of such a system will ever so be constant, patronage the fact that the energy of each substance and its components, will vary. It follows that the equity of conservation of energy does not take in to individual substances, nevertheless the system in which it is included. In a separate matter only the impartiality of conservation of matter.